How Ronald Reagan’s Ended Cold War Essay

How Ronald Reagan’s Ended the Cold War with the Soviet Union â€Å"I’ve consistently perceived that at last there’s got the chance to be a settlement, an answer. † â€Ronald Reagan, December 23, 1981 President Ronald Reagan at first had a hard-fixed international strategy with the Soviet Union. Toward the start of his organization, he concentrated on gigantic decrease of arms, affirmation of understandings between the U. S. also, the Soviet Union, arrangement of exchanges with respect to arms control explicitly to the work of arms of the Soviets outside their domain and correspondence (Matlock, 2004, â€Å"Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War ended†). Be that as it may, these strategies have not been powerful in advancing changes in the Soviet Union. Soviet pioneers were not scared by Reagan’s inflexible methodology that drove the Soviets to proceed with their socialist ways. By 1985, Reagan began to alter the course of his arrangement. He selected to relax his strategies by encouraging dealings on arms exchange, forestalling the utilization of Euromissiles, â€Å"compromising key atomic weapons† and following the limitations of the SALT II settlement (Wittner, 2004, â€Å"Did Reagan’s military develop truly lead to triumph neglected War?†). Along these lines, the American open felt that there was a preparing atomic war between the U. S. furthermore, the Soviet Union that came about to various mass fights. The open mix impacted Reagan to put forth a declaration proposing for propitiatory attempts with the Soviet Union to guarantee the open that there will be no war. At that point, Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev produced a collusion in â€Å"implementing demilitarization and peace†(Wittner, 2004, â€Å"Did Reagan’s military develop truly lead to triumph exposed War? †). Reagan’s constant endeavors in the midst of numerous obstacles, vital union with Soviet pioneers and American political straightforwardness have pushed the two nations to stop worldwide control through arms that shut down the Cold War (Wittner, 2004, â€Å"Did Reagan’s military develop truly lead to triumph vulnerable War? †). References Matlock, J. (2004). Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War finished. Arbitrary House Publishing. Wittner, L. S. (2004). Did Reagan’s military develop truly lead to triumph vulnerable War?. History News Network. Recovered March 29, 2008 from http://hnn. us/articles/2732. html

What Is Religion Essay Example For Students

What Is Religion Essay Reflection PaperWho is God?, this becomes as unthinkable an inquiry to respond to as the inquiry Who am I?. Michael Himes, the writer of this book which is called, Doing the Truth In Love, communicates his thoughts and considerations on how we should consider God, feel about God, and get who and what God is. Mr. Himes, clarifies as a matter of first importance that God is a secret. He offers his thoughts on how He is secret and on how we ought to distinguish God with God. Himes states that God is agape, unequivocal love. My concern with this is how does Himes know who or what God is? He has never met God, to discover and he has never asked God either. We accept that God has undying and unadulterated love for us yet we dont realize that without a doubt. God is the Trinity, which means the dad, child, and Essence of God. So is it that when Himes implies that god is puzzle, agape, and relationship; he implies that the trinity represents these three meanings of God? I suspect as much. Maybe the most remarkable proclamation made about religion was made by Dr. John Simmons of Western Illinois University. He makes the admirable statement that religion isn't a thing, however an action word. Religion depends on convictions and how individuals act dependent on those convictions. Custom, supplication, and contemplation are on the whole demonstrations of religion and are viewed as immaterial practices. Albeit numerous customs of religion are things, the moral and social segments are ways of life. Notwithstanding this point, Dr. Simmons makes reference to the chance of religion being established as an approach to comprehend and respond to significant inquiries regarding life and demise. Individuals must discover what their identity is, the reason they are here on Earth, and what reason their life holds. Questions known as limit questions are presented when people are confronted with new circumstances in their lives (Beliefs and Believers, Class 1). They should accept that there is thinking to help their activities. Soul changing experiences are the most regular encounters including limit questions. For instance, as an offspring of Christian guardians, I was informed that individuals kick the bucket since it is their chance to be with Jesus. Paradise sounded good to me and console me, realizing that my friends and family would be in such a brilliant spot. Likewise in the Christian religion, questions may emerge about the start of life and how we got the opportunity to Earth. The fantasy of Adam and Eve and the narrative of the Creation answers that for Christian adherents. With respect to my motivation on Earth, my inquiry was replied by the Christian principle. I am here to get the message out of God in activities and words with the goal that all people may know His affection. Nonetheless, these answers don't sound good to all people in light of the fact that every religion has an alternate story. It is basic to keep a receptive outlook when characte rizing and getting religion. Each religion holds truth to the adherents, and gives them a feeling of character. There is no set in stone response to the topic of which religion to follow, just translations and practices as per what sounds good to the person. Individuals will carry on as they accept (Beliefs and Believers, Class 1). Another similarly significant comment I ran over in my investigations was one by the Methodist minister Rev. Cecil Williams. Williams principle subject of conversation was that of poisonous religion and rousing social activity. Williams start the meeting by saying, Be cautious about religion since religion is harmful (Williams Interview, Class 2). He implies that adherents are not concentrating on the activities, yet the results. You can't really relate to a religion or consider yourself a strict individual except if you identify with other people or structure connections that work to ease human anguish (Simmons Study Guide, 15). Once more, I was helped t o remember my own convictions and the historical backdrop of my religion when I investigated the importance of this announcement. As opposed to mainstream thinking, this country was not established based on religion. America was established by men looking for influence and cash who utilized their strict convictions, overwhelmingly Protestant Christian, as a reason for their ruthlessness. Not all adherents follow up on their convictions, making a scarce difference between which are dissident and which are most certainly not. The primary endeavors at colonization end up being ineffective in the late 1500s and mid 1600s. They came pronouncing strict opportunity and resilience, yet fiercely killed Indians who might not conform to the European translation of Christianity. Indeed, even the Puritans, who were amazingly given to their religion, neglected to respect the absolute most significant moral perspectives on Christianity when they showed up in New England in 1630. The Puritans were extremely vocal about their mission for a perfect life. They put stock in pre-goal yet still endeavored to spare the pagans from endless obscurity. They had confidence in the Ten Commandments, yet still passed judgment on the individuals who were not Christian. Maybe the most broadly realized model is that of the Salem Witch Trials. A pestilence of allegation was begun on account of negating convictions ( Tindall, 36).Instead of concentrating on the most proficient method to sustain their present world, the Puritans caused mass commotion and interfered with a serene domain. You cannot have another paradise until you have another earth (Williams Interview, Class 2). .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .postImageUrl , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:hover , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:visited , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:active { border:0!important; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:active , .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:hover { murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7 c7f0945c6a3404bca1 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9947b80d3ed4b7c7f0945c6a3404bca1:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Arts Management Final EssayFurthermore, the subject of religion can't be examined without referencing its inescapability. Religion is a part of human presence trading off components, for example, experience, morals, convictions, custom, and foundations. Like political conduct, religion isn't everything throughout everyday life, except is a part of life. Religion is organized into our administration. Not exclusively does our Pledge of Allegiance and witticism use God as an establishment, yet in addition the detachment of chapel and state show how every American knows and at last influenced by religion. It includes different order s, and despite the fact that we are all not similarly in this way, everybody is strict to a degree (Smart, 4). It is critical to esteem the uprightness of our own religion, similarly is it to welcome the convictions of different religions just as non-devotees. Acknowledging and embracing are words with totally different implications (Marty Interview, Class 1).Lastly, I was very interested by the thought set out by Dr. Simmons and the Sermon on the Mount that numerous strict developments start with rethinking human personality and connections. As he calls attention to, I grew up relating the Beatitudes to a previously settled Christian confidence. This move in was particularly ground-breaking to me since it acquainted me with a completely new thought regarding the establishment of Christianity, shaking a firm conviction I have consistently had. The truth of the matter is that Jesus of Nazareth was a Jewish Rabbi who couldn't help contradicting the lessons of the Torah and, thus, desi gned the religion of Christianity. In His first lesson, Jesus denounced the customary Jewish lessons and supplanted them, with gentler lessons of adoration and graciousness. Despite the fact that He never planned to make Christianity, He started a strict development that transformed into Christianity (Simmons Study Guide, 16). Once more, I reflect to the Puritans who revolted against the Catholic Church of England and established the Protestant type of Christianity. Maybe a lot more religions will keep on being made as other charming pioneers, for example, Christ, develop the investigation of their own character and connections. Taking everything into account, there is no basic definition for religion. It is a mind boggling allowance of faith based expectations and practices that set apart people on their journey for edification. Religion offers individuals a feeling of personality and responses significant life addresses in any case hopeless. In just a brief timeframe, my view of religion has changed unfathomably. I have been acquainted with

Plasmodium Falciparum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plasmodium Falciparum - Essay Example The latter is gets tainted along these lines. All phases of malarial plasmodium advancement occurring in the body of the transporter †in a human, a flying creature and a mosquito. Such Sporozoa sporozoites are created in the body of the mosquito and further transmitted to feathered creatures or human with salivation from the mosquito's nibble. Life cycle and transmission. The existence pattern of Plasmodium falciparum is related with changes of hosts. One piece of the existence cycle happens in the human body where the parasites replicate agamically; the subsequent part happens in the body of a particular bearer of intestinal sickness †female mosquito Anopheles, where plasmodium repeats explicitly (Dantzler et al.). In this way, for Plasmodium falciparum, the human is a transitional transporter, and the female Anopheles mosquito is the last host. Disease by Plasmodium falciparum happens during sucking blood of patients with jungle fever and afterward mosquito contaminates someone else by presenting parasites with its spit during the nibble. Through tainted mosquito's salivation the sporozoites enter the circulation system of host and inside 30-40 min get into a position of essential confinement †into the liver cells (Dantzler et al.). There happens an intracellular parasite agamic multiplication called tissue (exoerythrocytic) schizogony. From every one of sporozoites, a few thousand merozoites are shaped. Further, they obliterate hepatocytes and discharged into the circulation system. The term of this period is around 6-9 days. Merozoites enter into erythrocytes and in this manner start the blood stage with trophosoite arrangement and erythrocytic schizogony (Wright and Rayner). In erythrocytes cells, the trophozoite is reliable goes through the ring, amoebic, develop trophozoite, schizont and merozoite stages. During schizogony, in erythrocytes happens the development of schizonts. Further, each schizont gives an ascent to the few dozen of little merozoites

Holocaust Essay Topics Guide

Holocaust Essay Topics Guide the Holocaust Essay Topics at a Glance Over time, the developing threat of Nazism would increase his concerns. Others are somewhat more personal, like working in isolation or, in some instances, coming to terms with mass atrocity in their very own country's recent history. The Holocaust was a horrific event in our history and it's one that won't ever be forgotten, especially given the simple fact that the effect of the event can nevertheless be felt worldwide. Concentrate on the effects of the Holocaust for each nation along with pay your focus to the outcomes for the mankind. You wish to be sure that you can select something which will supply you with plenty to discuss in your essay based on how much time it should be. These aren't the words of somebody who respects my people's history. Define the expression counter-monument. Define the expression anti-Semitism. Actually, she was quite great at writing them. It has to look at persuading a reader so they can use up a particular perspective or take a specific action. The word is still utilised in its other senses. You are going to want to write on a subject that is intriguing and educational for your reader. Lies You've Been Told About the Holocaust Essay Topics As you prepare to compose an essay on the Holocaust, there are a couple of things you ought to keep in mind. There are a lot of things we don't know or maybe understand about the Holocaust, but it's a huge portion of history that lots of people decide to ignore it. The everyday meals in Auschwitz consisted of soup, once every day, with a little bit of bread. Studying the Holocaust and learning about what happened is one method to stop it from happening again, and that is essential! All these causes could be repeated if we don't study the Holocaust. The growth of the Nazis is the most important reason for the Holocaust. It's this outrage we will need to stay alive in our everyday life and apply it to all scenarios, whether they involve Jews or non-Jews. There are a number of causes of the Holocaust. Germany was made to take loans from the USA in order to pay this money. The typical life span in america today is a bit over 78 decades. This is likely to make your research and data collection simpler. The undertaking will produce a prototype virtual memoryscape' for Bergen-Belsen and Neuengamme and then the team will make an application for additional funding to come up with a fully functional system which may be used for any website. There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Whenever you opt to ask us for expert gu idance, don't hesitate to get in touch with our support managers. And since this isn't a very simple topic to speak about, surely, pupils will come across this task not just an intimidating project but a frustrating one particularly when they aren't that interested in the subject or they aren't really conscious of it. Six million of people who died were killed just because they were Jewish. Especially at such a youthful age as you're attempting to live as long as possible. History has a means of repeating itselfbut only as long as you let it. Losing parents Is a difficult issue to cope with. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for the Holocaust Essay Topics Extermination camps fulfilled the primary goal of mass murder. The prisoners had a challenging time residing in the camp. Just a few prisoners were able to escape. The majority of the prisoners were extremely malnourished and on the edge of death. Actually, since the war progressed, the quantity of prisoners increased. The generals were also very concerned regarding the possibility of partisan war, in other words, war behind the lines in the territories they were planning to conquer. And that's only the tip of the iceberg in regards to Army involvement. Now, to start with, we need to recognize that the German army wasn't a monolithic institution.

The Concept Of Automation - 751 Words

Shrinking budgets, shortage of qualified personnel and growing workloads are shaping the organization of clinical laboratories and the networks around them. As a result, merging and consolidation of institutions is commonplace to take advantage of economies of scale and as a result, laboratory automation has been in the rise connecting more sectors to tracks. A key question to answer is what is the level automation system is right for each clinical laboratory? Automation can improve labs efficiency and help clinical outcomes. . However, each center must value its own objectives of automation for each sector and define if they will require modular type automation systems or automation. The concept of a consolidated laboratory†¦show more content†¦In this sense, a definition of automation would include the use of combined and computer set, robotics and the analyzers to manipulate the samples before, during and after measurements. The automation of the laboratory, in the broad sense, affects all stages of the analytical process. This means that new organizational approaches ranging from automation of individual processes to reorganization projects and total automation. Between both situations there are an important variety of scenarios that lead to models of laboratory. Total laboratory automation (TLA) involves the integration of analyzers together with pre-analytic and post-analytic. The work of a total automation system begins by managing the samples in an input module that classifies and loads them in the carriers, centrifuges tubes, uncaps them and direct them to the analyzers. The samples, after sampled by the analyzer are stored temporarily in dedicated output location, from where they may be automatically recovered in case it rerun or reflex testing in necessary. The automation of clinical laboratories, when done properly and in accordance with to the needs of each center, provides benefits that include an efficient increase in productivity, the possibility of adding new analytical procedures without increasing the resources human, the centralization of processes, reliable management of samples with full traceability, the standardization of the analytical process, a greater guarantee ofShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Ethical Theories And Tests1363 Words   |  6 Pagesthis section we will run the concept of automation in the workforce through 7 ethical theories/tests, to see if this concept fits ethical implications used in business. The principals under the Utilitarian Theory suggest that there must be a balance effort, that the harms do not outweigh the benefits (Jennings Units 1-3, 2015). This theory is most well known as â€Å"the greatest good to the greatest amount of people (Jennings Units 1-3, 2015).† The overall value of automation provides more benefits thanRead MoreSputnik, The Russian State Into The Vast Realm Of Space887 Words   |  4 Pagesnature, however, modernity instead restricts the human capacity to participate in meaningful action therein creating a dependency upon technology and automation, leaving mankind bound by a newfound imprisonment. Over the course of centuries, the concept of freedom obtained numerous interpretations and meanings; however, each maintained ties to the concepts of sovereignty and to freedom. The age of modernity demonstrates an attempt to reduce the dependency of man upon nature and utilize technologicalRead MoreEvaluation And Verification Of Software Testing1486 Words   |  6 Pagespressure is always there on each and every organization. And Software testing forms integral part of any software life cycle. Hence, selecting the right tool for test automation at the lowest cost possible is always important and very significant. In this project I would like to work on comparing 2 popular functional test automation tools namely Quick Test Pro which is a licensed tool and Selenium, an open and free source by considering various factors other than cost which is only a price of toolRead MoreManagement Of Cognitive Load While Flying784 Words   |  4 Pagesthat’s not always the case with regar d to automation. Automation has the ability to assist with the management of cognitive load while flying, although many studies have been completed in an attempt to understand the dynamics that certain aspects of automation have in the cockpit, and the potential it has to develop into a hazard rather than an asset (Geiselman et al., 2013). Impact of Automation on Perception Classification of Automation Although automation has steadily increased it’s impact on theRead MoreEssay On Automation In Market Research841 Words   |  4 PagesAutomation in Market Research Industry Today, the advancement in technology in the form of artificial intelligence, robots and various service platforms is creeping into many work places to keep up with the speed of business. Market research industry is also seeing automation as the future for market research. It is moving from rare discussion to actionable platform.Ambiguity around market research automation is opening doors to more researches and providing evidence-based solutions at all levelsRead MoreComputer Programmers Use For Testing Other Software Essay721 Words   |  3 Pagesexample is also known as example-driven development, executable requirements, acceptance test-driven development Human brains are generally not that great at understanding abstractions or novel ideas/concepts the first time we are exposed to them, but they’re really good at deriving abstractions or concepts if we’re given enough concrete examples. As it is more likely that, the more examples we are given, the more likely we are to correctly understand the intended meaning. Also, by using concrete examplesRead MoreAutomation With Human Touch ( Jidoka )1019 Words   |  5 Pages a. Automation with human touch (jidoka). In Japanese term ‘jidoka’ simply meant, ‘automation.’ Thus, the term suggests in full as an â€Å"automation with a human touch.† In an on-line resource through its website, Toyota company explains how this concept runs in terms of supporting its TPS, as quoted below: â€Å"This principal, jidoka, of designing equipment and processes to stop and call attention to problems immediately when they sense a problem is a central concept of TPS. â€Å"The most visibleRead MoreInnovation and Entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesrealized within any organization’s vision. In order to effectively discuss why innovation has been successful for both Micro Automation and e-Home Automation International, it is imperative that we first and foremost define what innovation in its broadest definition represents. Moore (2011) offers that innovation in its entirety represents a complex construction of divergent concepts. This means that it’s true meaning is in most cases distorted among the different people who apply it as part of their successRead MoreFailure Automation Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent automation Objective performance shows a clear advantage in high routine automation. In figure 2 and figure 3, both task efficiency and task accuracy are significantly better in high routine automation than other automation. In figure 2, average task efficiency performances in both low and high level at failed automation are maintained at similar levels (mean @ low =, mean @ high = ). The similar performance patterns are shown in the figure 3. Both failed and routine automation supportsRead MoreSample Summary Of Sc And Stlc799 Words   |  4 PagesAn accomplished Senior QA Automation Engineer specializing in Software methodologies (Automation and Manual) with detail-oriented, analytical, and creative thinker with a passion for quality processes. Around 6 years of experience in the full lifecycle of both SDLC and STLC process including requirements definition, prototyping, proof of concept, design, development, testing, and maintenance. Summary: Expert in testing web (Desktop and Mobile) based enterprise applications using both Black Box, White

Bad Influence of Hip Hop on Youth - 1009 Words

Music producers have an influence on the music that today’s youth listen to that many are affected by even though the producers are unaware of it. Today there’s a lot of drug abuse, violence, and sex all on the rise even though hip hop itself is not to blame. Imagine our youth all over the country being exposed to this explicit kind of language. There is no need to imagine, because it is already happening. Ever since the rise of Rap and Hip Hop music, teens have been turning to them to help solve their problems. However these kinds of music can be very destructive to teens. It is not the youth’s fault; it is the content that the music contains. Although Rap and Hip Hop music can be a force for good, they can also have an extremely†¦show more content†¦He arranged house parties for young people to come and listen to their music because there were no clubs are a radio station to go to so they made an interesting speech into a microphone. Soon he became known as MC which stand for master of ceremony. He gathered music plates, played, and announce them. When a DJ is making music and announcing some rhythmic text, it becomes known as the word we hear called Rap music (BBC Culture). He could no longer DJ in a small apartment on Sedgwick Avenue in the projects. He moved into bigger clubs in the Bronx near Cedar Park. There were also other founders of Hip Hop that came up after Kool Herc and were known as his rivals, Grandmaster Flash and Afrika Bambaataa (BBC Culture). In the present day, Hip Hop is one of the largest and fastest growing sources of capital and has a great influence on its fans. The roles that Hip Hop and Hip Hop artist play in America require responsibility; however, many of the performers and labels take none. By using television and other various sorts of visual media, Hip Hop portrays less than positive stereotypes and influences the youth to accept these stereotypes as normal behavior (Teen Ink). However some people disagree with that because Hip Hop is good for our youth because it decreases violence and address their issues by Hip Hop therapy which reflects on their past experiences though connecting with the lyrics. Also they say it’s good for our youth to use drugs as long as weShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Portrayal of Women in Hip Hop and Rap Music Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagestoday, has been quoted saying, â€Å"Hip-hop is supposed to uplift and create, to educate people on a larger level and to make a change.† Although this is the original intention of hip-hop music, public opinion currently holds the opposite view. Since the 1970’s musical artists have changed the face of hip-hop and rap and worldwide, people – mostly teens—have been striving to emulate certain artists and their lyrics, which has created negative stereotypes for hip-hop music and also for those who chooseRead MoreHip Hop And Its Effects On African Society958 Wor ds   |  4 Pages Hip Hop In Africa Hip Hop in Africa is used to spread awareness and evoke calls to action on sensitive subjects that affect the majority of the people in Africa. Hip Hop influences many people in Africa because it is meaningful and only tends to speak about the positives and negatives of African society.Hip Hop in Africa is used as a method to spread awareness on HIV/Aids, create a call to action to tell people to save themselves when tragedies hit, and changeRead MoreRap Music And Hip Hop Culture1097 Words   |  5 Pageshas been around for many decades. Rap/hip hop is a  music genre that consists of a stylized  rhythmic music that usually accompanies rapping. Since rap music’s explosion, it took the industry and became the  important part of hip hop culture. It has advanced over time as a part of hip hop culture, which originated from urban youth in New York as a cultural movement. Its original listeners were primarily African America and it has spread around the world and hip hop has come to be a part for rap music  toRead MoreHip Hop : A Cultural Force1568 Words   |  7 PagesHip-hop is a popular art form in today’s society, and it consists of rhyming lyrics that are delivered rhythmically over a musical beat. Knowing how far rap has come, from all the way back then starting out on the streets of New York in the mid 1970’s. Hip-hop has since become a multifaceted cultural force. It’s more than just music some people say and others think it is negative promoting bad things for young listeners. Now hip-hop is something people can relate to. A man by the name of RussellRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Rap Music In Modern Music And Pop Culture1007 Words   |  5 Pageslow. Hip-Hop/Rap of this generation now condones vulgar activities to a young audience which unknowingly causing much harm. Rap music today is bad due to its negative influence on the youth of America. Violence is no stranger to hip hop music as it was apart of its origins in the underground scenes of the South Bronx. But unlike the 1970’s, modern day rap uses an unnecessary amount of violence most notably gangbanging. Current day hip hop uses violence in means which have a negative influence onRead MoreHip Hop and its Beneficial Influence Essay651 Words   |  3 Pagesyears Hip Hop and Rap artist use their music to express their views, opinions, and how they are feelings in their songs. From the artist lyrics some will have an understanding of what the artist is talking about because either they have done the same things or is having the same problem. The first amendment of the constitution is freedom of speech and that is all the artist is doing. Although there are many people saying rap music should be concealed because it spread a negative influence on theRead MoreHip Hop And Its Effects945 Words   |  4 Pages Hip Hop Global Attractions Hip Hop in the most popular genre of music between all African American communities, not just in America, but worldwide. Hip Hop has expanded itself into music, fashion, advertisement, movies, and it’s given many rappers, and those associated with the genre, the chance to influence their communities, societies and their culture in general, but commercial Hip Hop in the U.S. has branded Hip Hop in a negative way. (The Young and The Hip-Hop, Hip Hop Culture Center inRead MoreThe Debate Of Hip Hop Music1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthey heard? Would a person murder another human due to the lyrics of their favorite song? Questions like these are often asked and very rarely answered. The main genre of debate: hip hop music. Though the debate continues to go on in today’s society, the answer has never been given. In fact, some research shows that hip -hop music can have a generally positive effect on listeners. Music has always been in the middle of debates, and more specifica lly, rap music has always been questioned since it becameRead MoreCure of the Streets757 Words   |  3 PagesThe poet Rainer Maria Rilke says that a work of art is good if it has sprung from necessity† (Farley). Hip Hop was born on the poor and dangerous streets of the USA. Minorities such as African-Americans and Hispanics dominated these streets, and they felt the need to address their long-standing common issues. Therefore, a new form of art, hip hop was born, and became the method of self-expression for these minorities. Lyrics have presented what they have been through. While rap has turned from aRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hip Hop is basically a cultural movement that originated in the Suburbs of cities. It was began to evolve in 1970 and in particular by the Americans who of African descent (American Africans) . Rap is a type of singing. It combines the performance of different rap utter words without committing to a particular tune , and rhythm. Rap began in Kingston, Jamaica City at the end of the sixties as a kind new musical was derived from dancehall. It has spread in the United States at the beginning of

PSLE System of Education in Singapore

Question: Discuss about thePSLE System of Education in Singapore. Answer: Introduction This essay talks about the T- Score PSLE system which has been prevailing in Singapore and also at the same time it also have been mentioned in the essay that what all issues were faced by the students who were following this system and what were the lacunas and benefits of this system. This essay has not contravened the word limit of 1000 words. The total word count for this essay was 1000 words. T- scores have been defined as Transformed Score which have been used in order to standardize the raw scores across the level or cohort. They give the relative rank or position of the performance of the student as compared to all other students in the same exam for which they were appearing for. It could be calculated for the individual subjects and the can be summed up as a single aggregate T- score same as it was done in the case of PSLE. By this method the students were also benefited as they would be ranked in a fair manner. Body of the Essay The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) has been regarded as a national assessment system for all graduating primary school students in Singapore and it settle on their admission into a secondary school. It was also proclaimed by the Minister for Education Yong Nyuk Lin in1960 that the government-administered PSLE was the first national examination system to be established in Singapore. At that time, the examinations were conducted in four language medium English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. Today, all leaving primary school students are required to take the examination.Education has been an unquestionably essential feature of Singapores communal fabric. The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE), was a students first standardized state test, which was the foundation of Singapores present learning system. From 2021, students who take their Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) would be judged with Achievement Levels (ALs) of 1 to 8 in each of their four subject matters (Soezean, 2016). The total of these ALs would make up students final scores, which would now be called the PSLE Score. The Ministry of Education (MOE) first declared that these changes in Parliament in April would be made with the aim of decreasing an over-pressure on educational consequences (Ngerng, 2016).Changes to the Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE) scoring would be made as part of a larger shift to nurture well-rounded people and would move away from an over-emphasis which has been imposed on academic results of the students (Today Online, 2016). The changes were to be executed from the 2021 PSLE system, the changes would aim to (Yeh, 2015): Decrease fine demarcation of students; reflect a students level of attainment in spite of how his friends have done; encourage relatives to decide schools based on their comfort for the childs education wants, aptitudes and benefit. It was also indispensable to have the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) as a meter of judging that how much a 12-year-old student has grasped through his years of teaching. One may dispute that the PSLE has been constricted in its range and does not evaluate other students in their excellence. Though, it was unfeasible for such an appraisal to face all regions. So, the PSLE was said to be previously reasonable as in that people set the same documents in their four main questions. By brooking people into the variety of enlightening organizations by way of their T-scores, it guarantees that the knowledgeable desires of people have been met. For instance, some people may necessitate an extra rationally inspiring atmosphere while other students may need a less spirited atmosphere to set free their probable limits. Secondary educational institutions have been a point in time to study new talents and subjects, and falsify new friendships, between other understandings. It was believed that all the educational institutions contribute to the same purpose of granting an all-round teaching. But one may affirm that some educational institutions offer more prospects than others. In the conclusion, it can be concluded that however, an outstanding teaching was not about the forename of t he educational institutions, but about how people were keen to taking advantage of every chance, in order to set original objectives and endeavor to be enhanced in future (Strait times, 2015). Some people may say that certain schools have a history of negative peer pressure. However, it was up to the individual to decide on whether to be influenced by such forces or not.The PSLE system does not define one's future success, but ensures that the learning needs of pupils would be met. But Primary School Leaving Examination have been taken into account in order to remove it as the students faced several issues which includes the stress which was imposed upon the students because of this exam. Another issue was that it has become the tendency of the students that they compare their scores due to this system among themselves.So, the present PSLE scoring system would be scrapped in five years time to make way for a new grading system weighing ALs (YNG, 2016). Over the past weeks, there have been constant calls for the elimination of the Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE): For example, An Associate Professor of a school i.e. Pauline Straughan affirmed single-mindedly that the Ministry of Education (MOE) should get rid of the PSLE system, so that schools would be at liberty from the fascination of testing, and teachers can then put their focus on teaching particularly. Regrettably, the teacher felt that reviewers fail to understand the point was that the attainment of ability or information (as well as the expansion of creativity) and the amalgamation of assessment were not equally restricted. A misguided presumption has also been made about the system that the occurrence of the PSLE means that students were engineered to organize for examinations per se; which was, of course, not the case (Tham, 2016). Conclusion Therefore it has been concluded that a new system would now replace the present PSLE system as it would allow students to put attention on their own education rather than trying to work on out doing others (Khamid,2016).The choice of schools would now weigh more for the admission of students in Secondary 1, followed by computerized balloting. In fact, the choice of schools would be the new tie-breaker after citizenship for the students with the same PSLE score (Shu, 2016). References: Khamid,H.M.A. (2016). New PSLE scoring system may help address over-emphasis on grades: Parents, teachers. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-psle-scoring-system/2679772.html Ngerng, R. (2016). New PSLE Education System: Taking a Deeper Look at the Numbers. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://thehearttruths.com/2016/07/16/new-psle-education-system-taking-a-deeper-look-at-the-numbers/ Shu, N. Y. (2016). Everything you need to know about the new PSLE scoring system in 60 seconds. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://mothership.sg/2016/07/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-psle-scoring-system-in-60-seconds/ Soezean, M. (2016). Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE) scoring to change from 2021. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2016/07/15/primary-school-leaving-examinations-psle-scoring-to-change-from-2021/#prettyPhoto Tham, I.(2016). PSLE changes won't change Singapore's obsession with grades. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/psle-changes-wont-change-singapores-obsession-with-grades Today Online. (2016). 10 things to know about changes to the PSLE scoring system. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/10-things-know-about-changes-psle-scoring-system Strait Times. (2015). PSLE system fair, has its benefits. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://www.straitstimes.com/forum/letters-in-print/psle-system-fair-has-its-benefits YNG, N. G. (2016). No more T-scores at PSLE: PM Lee. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/no-more-t-scores-psle-pm-lee Strait Times. (2015). PSLE system fair, has its benefits. Retrieved on 29th September 2016 from : https://www.straitstimes.com/forum/letters-in-print/psle-system-fair-has-its-benefits

The Handmaids Tale free essay sample

The Handmaid’s Tale, Margret Atwood uses symbolism to illustrate the handmaid’s role in the society of Gilead. The handmaids are the women who had broken law of Gilead, and were forced into the role of a surrogate mother for a higher ranking couple. The handmaids had no rights or free will. They were under constant surveillance and this caused them to be very cautious. The author characterizes most handmaids as a tentative and distrustful, which is perhaps why Offred never puts in words the magnitude of her discontent with her new life, because it’s possible she doesn’t truly trust the reader. The author uses symbols such as the handmaid’s dress-code, a pigs ball, and even the handmaids names to give the reader a sense of the handmaid’s imprisonment. The handmaid’s dress-code was a very strict one; it was a dress-code that symbolized their one, sole duty; to bear a child. We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The handmaids were only needed for their reproductive services, so their dresses were red, to indicate their fertility. As Offred is dressing she describes her uniform; â€Å"Everything except the wings around my face is red: the color of blood, which defines us. The skirt is ankle-length, full, gathered to a flat yoke that extends over the breasts, the sleeves are full. The white wings too are prescribed issue; they are to keep us from seeing, but also from being seen,† (p. 9). The handmaid’s were not supposed to be viewed as sexual beings, (though many people thought of them as adulteresses). The main character Offred describes her and her fellow handmaid’s as two-legged wombs, and nothing more. Their only purpose in life was to conceive a child, which was represented openly by the color of their robes. The handmaids in the novel lead such a caged life that in one of Offred’s many deep reflections, Atwood compares Offreds life symbolically to the life of a prized show pig. The handmaid’s were not permitted to entertain themselves nor flex their intellectual abilities, even simple games such as Scrabble would get them sent away to become an Unwoman, the worst outcome imaginable. As Offred longs for something to distract her, she thinks; â€Å"there’s time to spare. This is one of the things I wasn’t prepared for – the amount of unfilled time, the long parentheses of nothing†¦I wait, washed, brushed, fed, like a prize pig. Sometime in the eighties they invented pig balls, for pigs who were being fattened in pens. Pig balls were large colored balls; the pigs rolled them around with their snouts†¦the pigs were curious, they liked to have something to think about†¦I wish I had a pig ball,† (p. 85). The pigs are permitted to have a ball to entertain themselves, while the handmaids are only left with their thoughts. The author creates a symbol with the ball to demonstrate how the handmaid’s emotional and intellectual needs were valued even less than a pig’s. The handmaid’s names were also a clear representation of their position in society. For example, Offred, or Of-Fred, is a clear statement that this woman belongs to Fred, and Ofwarren, belongs to Warren. The handmaids didn’t even have enough freedom to maintain their real names. They were forced to accept a new patronymic name that striped them from their former identity entirely. Of-fred is a direct indication that these women are being reduced to the value of an object that can be possessed or thrown away if it doesn’t function properly. Atwood uses symbolism to expand the readers understanding of Offreds and the other handmaids’ dire situations. The handmaids’ lead extremely cautious and guarded lives, because any sign of rebellion could get them killed. The author uses symbols such as the dresses that represents the handmaids fertility, a pig that had more privileges than the women, and the handmaids labels to expand the readers understanding of Offreds position and emotions, because as a handmaid, she could never express them fully.

Maia, Greek Nymph and Mother of Hermes

Maia, Greek Nymph and Mother of Hermes The Greek nymph Maia was  the  mother of Hermes (in Roman religion, he was called Mercury) with Zeus and was associated, by the Romans, with the goddess of spring, Maia Maiestas. Background and Personal Life A daughter of the Titan  Atlas  - he of the big muscles and carrying the world on his shoulders - and Pleione, Maia was one of the seven mountain nymphs known as  Pleiades  (Taygete, Elektra, Alkyone, Asterope, Kelaino, Maia, and Merope). Her sisters went on to marry some bigwigs in ancient Greece, but Maia snagged the biggest of them all - Zeus himself!   Her son  Hermes was proud of his heritage, saying in Euripides  Ion, Atlas, who wears away heaven, the ancient home of the gods, on his bronze shoulders, was the father of Maia  by a goddess; she bore me, Hermes, to great Zeus; and I am the gods servant. Although Zeus was already married to Hera, that didnt stop him from loving on nymphs and mortal women alike. He  and  Maia had a fling. In the, their affair is recounted: Ever she avoided the throng of the blessed gods and lived in a shadowy cave, and there the Son of Cronos [Zeus] used to lie with the rich-tressed nymph at dead of night, while white-armed Hera lay bound in sweet sleep: and neither deathless god nor mortal man knew it.   This  caused Maia to give birth to their precocious baby boy. She hid out from Hera in a cave on Mount Cyllene. In the Virgil has Aeneas mention, Mercury: Your sire is Mercury, whom long beforeOn cold Cyllenes top fair  Maia  bore.Maia  the fair, on fame if we rely,Was Atlas daughter, who sustains the sky. When I Grow Up... In Sophocles play  Trackers, the eponymous nymph of the mountain recounts how she took care of baby Hermes: This business is a secret even among the gods, so that no news of it may come to Hera.  Cyllene adds, You see, Zeus came secretly to Atlass house ... to the deep-girdled goddess  ... and in a cave begot a single son. I am bringing him up myself, for his mothers strength is shaken by sickness as if by a storm. Hermes grew up  really  fast. Cyllene marvels, He grows, day by day, in a very unusual way, and Im astounded and afraid. Its not even six days since he was born, and he already stands as tall as a young man. Half a day after his birth, he was already making music! The  Homeric Hymn (4) to Hermes  says, Born with the dawning, at mid-day he played on the lyre, and in the evening he stole the cattle of far-shooting Apollo on the fourth day of the month; for on that day queenly  Maia  bare him. How did Hermes steal Apollos oxen? The fourth Homeric Hymn recounts how the trickster was really into stealing his older half-brothers herds. He  picked up a  tortoise, scooped out its meat, and strung sheep gut across it to create the first lyre. Then, he cut off from the herd fifty loud-lowing kine, and drove them straggling-wise across a sandy place, turning their hoof-prints aside by sweeping them away. So he took fifty of Apollos best cows - and covered his tracks so the god couldnt find them! Hermes killed a cow and cooked up some  delicious steak, but when he came  home to Mama Maia, she wasnt too thrilled with his knavery. Hermes replied (no doubt in baby talk), Mother, why do you seek to frighten me like a feeble child whose heart knows few words of blame, a fearful babe that fears its mothers scolding? But he wasnt a baby, and Apollo soon  discovered his misdeeds. Baby Hermes tried to fake sleep, but Apollo wasnt fooled. Apollo brought the baby before Zeus - a tribunal of their dad! Zeus forced Hermes to show Apollo where the cows were hidden. In fact, the infant deity was so charming that Apollo decided to give his domain as lords of herdsmen   - and all his cattle - to Hermes. In exchange, Hermes gave Apollo the lyre hed invented - and thus lordship over music. -Edited by Carly Silver

Protecting the Human Rights of Immigrants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Protecting the Human Rights of Immigrants - Essay Example Immigrants come voluntarily to any nation. In fact, they often go to extreme economic hardship in order to immigrate to their country of choice. There is no homogenization among nations concerning visas, work permits and residency rules, much fewer immigration rules. Unless there is an incentive to creating and enforcing these rules, there is no way to impose or enforce compliance internationally, neither should there be. As a global group, there is very little that even the major nations can agree upon. There is even less than any group of nations would have the right to impose. The definition of what universal human rights are is anything but universal. Even if we could come to a vague agreement upon which rights should be universal, the degree to which any such rights are enforced could not be imposed. Therefore, authorities would be able to achieve individuality by the simple difference of application. The right to freedom from illegal imprisonment is one right that is close to being acceptable internationally. However, across the globe, there are main differences concerning the cultural focus of law. There is individual centred and group centred, That is, in some nations, such as America, the rights of the individual often take precedence over the rights of the group, except where so doing would violate more important rights. However, in China, the rights of the group are considered paramount about individual rights. So imprisonment of one individual is considered better than allowing that individual to interfere with the lives of the group in any way. T herefore, China jails dissenters or removes them from the area where they have â€Å"caused trouble†. Individual freedom of speech is less important than the group freedom from disturbance. So, protecting the rights of immigrants becomes even more difficult globally. One issue is women’s rights. American women take it as a given that a woman should have the right to dress any way she likes, as long as it is not publically lewd or insulting.  Ã‚  

Discussion questions for Managing Diversity Class (fourth week) Essay

Discussion questions for Managing Diversity Class (fourth week) - Essay Example They should be ready to make required amendments to the statute, corporate culture or management style. For example, primary dimension refers to vital biological factors, i.e. age, disabilities, ethnic origin. To meet needs of diverse workforce, their workplaces can be fitted with proper furniture, auxiliary devices, and reasonable accommodations (primary dimension). Diverse working teams often include members with different marital status, language, citizenship, religion (secondary dimension). Business practice Total Quality Respect (TQR) propagates two-dimensional diversity management for US companies and enterprises. According to it, respect, understanding and inclusion are key elements of successful diverse teamwork. If TQP is applied in practice and included in the company’s statute, the whole staff should get access to the required information in the form of brochures, diagrams, and website. At present EEO and Affirmative Action programs also suggest efficient means for multicultural staff such as second language courses, cross-cultural training/seminars. â€Å"Most notable is a shift away from emphasis on the legal requirements, policies and procedures for EEO/AA and toward incorporation of a managing diversity approach.† (Laudicina, 1995, 178) The number of female staff with the primary and secondary dimensions in all spheres increases sharply, that’s why their rights are protected with legal acts (Civil Rights Act of 1991, ADA, WARN Act). 2. Leaders, who work in culturally diverse organization, should have sufficient socio-cultural competence to get on well with employees. Standard leadership skills are still important, because they allow mange and control work of the team, department etc. The leader should be well-aware of the current situation and estimate resources and performance of the diverse group according to the specified purposes

Juvenile Adjudication Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Adjudication Essay It is a common knowledge that juvenile offenders in the US were those violating the law and arrested by the authorities at age 17 and lower. Quite a number of researches by psychiatrists and sociologists have been conducted on the causes of juvenile delinquency. It was the 13 year study of McCord and McCord published in 1959 involving 650 eleven year old children that gave credibility and proof to the hypothesis that â€Å"Parental permissiveness and laxness is the cause (†¦) of such delinquent and aggressive behavior. In fact, children coming from homes with permissive parents are thirteen times more likely to produce delinquent and aggressive ehavior than children coming from homes with overly strict and punitive parents†. (Hwang, et al, ca 2007, Abstract). According to the authors, this conclusion was supported with similar study conducted by Paulson involving California adolescents incarcerated for striking their parents in 1990. The Nature of Juvenile Courts It was a common knowledge that a juvenile court was established by different states in the U. S. to handle cases of delinquent, dependent or neglected children under the age of 18. The common law violations of juveniles were delinquency, status offenses, abuse and neglect. The same kind of offense committed by youths in one state is subject to different rules in another state due to the fact that juvenile courts are primarily run by state and county courts and not by the federal government (law. rank. org, 2008). The website further reported that some states adjudicate youths guilty of unlawful acts with both a juvenile and adult sentence. The juvenile sentence is served first and then continues with the adult sentence at age 21 onwards. This extension of the sentence to age 21 is normally under the condition that the delinquent was not eformed or rehabilitated while under a juvenile sentence or his sentence exceeds the number of years till his 21st birt hday. Though each state treats juvenile delinquents differently, the juvenile courts are dedicated to protecting the child’s privacy and well-being and seeing to it that the delinquent is rehabilitated either under house arrest or under the guidance of foster parents and social workers. 2 Despite the efforts of the federal government to curb juvenile crime rates, during the 1980’s, there was an experienced increase in serious crimes committed by youths. Victims of serious crimes were not satisfied seeing the youth not imprisoned and just confined in special rehabilitation house. As a result of the clamor for justice and the increase in violent crimes perpetrated by the youth, some states consider adjudicating the youth offenders under the adult court despite being contrary the juvenile justice law. There were claims that subjecting the youth offenders to adult court and punishment will discourage youth offenders from graduating to full pledge adult criminal. This paper aims to elucidate the issues related to endorsement of uveniles to adult court and those against it and strike a compromise on punishing the youth offenders to bring justice to victims while maintaining the right of due process stipulated in the juvenile court. Juvenile Crime Trends in 2000’s and Policy Changes Young and Gainsborough (2000) claimed that the proportion of juvenile crimes to total arrests in 1998 was about the average for the past 25 years and that of property crime arrests declined throughout the most of the period. The authors claimed further that the one crime category that exhibited significant increase from the overall trend during the 25 year period was urder perpetrated by youth offenders as shown in the following graph: Criminologists Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld (cited in Young and Gainsborough, 2000) reported from their analysis that the sudden increase in gun killings were related to the 3 development of the crack markets in metropolitan cities where fierce turf wars were waged with juveniles recruited by market organizers. As more guns came into the streets, juveniles armed themselves with guns for protection and self-defense resulting to spiraling of death cases. The sharp decline of murder cases in recent years according to the criminologists was due to market tabilization of crack and police authorities’ efforts to keep guns off the hands of juveniles. Related to this, according to Myers (2005) in his book Boys Among Men, there has been serious debates in the last 40 years related to juvenile courts’ philosophy, structure and procedure. The author added that â€Å"A variety of critical attacks have focused on such issues as due process violation, ineffective treatments and rehabilitation services, abuse of the juvenile courts’ power, lenient treatment of adolescent offenders and general lack of direction in dealing with adolescent crimes†. (p 71). On incisive analysis, these issues may have contributed heavily to mounting serious juvenile crimes. Myers (2005) claimed that the criticisms combined with the rapid increase of juvenile crimes in 1980 to mid-1990s and heavy media attention in sensationalizing juvenile crimes contributed to the erosion of traditional philosophy and authority of the juvenile courts. The author added that the central issue is the transfer of juveniles to criminal court which was equivalent to a move of criminalizing delinquent behavior. In relation to this, Young and Gainsborough (2000) commented that the legislative esponse to increased wave of serious crime focused on sending more and younger children to adult criminal court with the intention of discouraging the juveniles from committing murder crimes. The authors reported that since 1992, almost all states has made legislation to make it easier to try juveniles in adult court. The federal government through Congress initiative in 1998 provided additional grants to states with legal policies related to prosecution of those 14 and above as adults. It was an accepted practice since the inception of juvenile justice system hat serious and chronic crimes done by juveniles can be transferred to adult criminal court through a process of judicial waiver following a hearing in front of a judge in juvenile court. In reaction to mounting serious juvenile offenses, the judicial waiver was broadened to allow 4 juvenile court judges to transfer younger juveniles and those with less serious offenses to adult court by means of mandatory waiver. The authors further added that prosecutorial discretion was broadened to allow prosecutors more authority in their hands to file juvenile cases to either juvenile or criminal court as they choose. The statutory exclusion was also expanded to exclude certain juvenile offender categories from juvenile court jurisdiction based both on age and nature of offense. The legal provision of â€Å"Once an adult, always an adult† was enacted by almost all states which in effect automatically place the juvenile in adult court for the trial of subsequent lesser offenses once the offender was tried previously in criminal court. The policy changes resulted to abnormally high rate of juvenile children being tried as adults. The authors revealed that per data of Amnesty International in 1998, as many as 200,000 outh under 18 years of age were prosecuted in criminal courts. In 13 states which set the upper age limit of juvenile court jurisdiction at 15 rather than 18, a total of 180,000 juveniles were adjudicated in adult court. Although the central objective of the laws facilitating juvenile offenses prosecution in adult court was to discouraged homicide and violent crimes, the impact was much wider. The authors reported that in 1996, more than half of the cases waived to criminal court were non-violent drug and property offenses; 43% were person offenses, 37% were property offenses, 14% were drug related and 6% were public order disturbance. Moreover, racial disparities were very evident; 67% of juvenile adjudications were black and 77% of juveniles sent to prison were minorities (60% black, 15% Hispanics and 1% American Indians and Asians). Despite using drugs at a much lower propensity than whites (15. 7% of blacks, 16. 7% of Hispanics , 19. 6% of whites aged 12 to 17), 75% of juveniles charged with drug offenses in adult court were black and 95% of juveniles sentenced to adult prison were minorities. It was very evident that discrimination toward minorities which should not be the case actually happened as a result of juvenile transfer to adult courts.

Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 Essay -- Breast Can

Breast cancer is the most common cancer that affects women in the United States. There are at least two majors genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) that when they mutate can cause breast cancer. These genes can be passed from parent to child, increasing the risk of developing cancer in those child that have parent carrying these genes. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are located on chromosome 17 and chromosome 13 respectively. There is a 90% chance of developing breast cancer for a woman that has these mutated genes. In contrast, men carrying BRCA1 have no risk to develop breast cancer, but those carrying BRCA2 genes have high risk. It is important to note that mutations in these genes can be passed on to children by either parent. A man with a mutation is just as likely to pass this gene to his children as a woman with a mutation. Hereditary cancer occurs at young age, for instance a woman in her 20's with breast cancer is more likely to have hereditary type of cancer that a woman in her 50's. (http:www.f amilycancer.org/FamHist.stm) BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes, these genes also called "Anti- Oncogenes" which normally are involved in regulating cell growth, the proteins inhibit the proliferation of cell, which is crucial for the normal cell development and differentiation. (Britanica on line). Since the discovery of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 in 1994 and 1995 about 80% of the women who inherit mutated forms of these genes will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, usually at relatively early age and woman with BRCA1 mutations have a high risk of developing ovarian cancer as well. Kudson in 1971 proposed a two-mutation theory of cancer causation. His theory stated that all cancer are of two kind, hereditary and sporadic In the case of... .... Hereditary breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer Care. 5, 13-20 3.-Social and Ethical issues of breast cancer gene testing. Obtain from http://www.ncgr.org/gpi/odyssey/BCAN2/gtest.html 10/29/98 4.-Kinzler, Kenneth W., and Vogelstein, Bert. 1997. Breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Nature. V. 386. 761-763. 5.-Marx, Jean. 1997. Possible function found for breast cancer genes. Science vol.276. 531- 532. 6.-McCain, L., and Dilligham, C., 1997. Genetics Mutation Associated with Breast Cancer . Obtain from http://www.ncgr.org/gpi/odyssey/BCAN2/genrisk.html 10/12/98 7.-Tumor suppressor gene" Obtain from http://www.eb.com:180> 10/19/98, search word: tumor suppressor gene. 8.-Breast and/or ovarian cancer risk in Jewish women: Role of the 185delAG and other mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. http://www.givf.com/brca1.html 10/12/98.

Homework At A Secondary School Education Essay

The purpose of this survey is to happen out the pupils attitude towards prep, particularly towards the English prep at a secondary school. The research was conducted in one of my categories. The participants are pupils are all in grade 7. In malice of larning in the same category, each member of this category has a different degree of English proficiency and has different motives in larning English. I do this research with a hope that after the research, I can derive some certain cognition and experiences in order to assist myself and my every bit good as my co-workers in taking the best manner of giving prep which will accomplish maximal engagement from pupils in carry throughing their prep.Introduction:Background Information:I am a instructor of English at Long Thanh secondary school – a secondary school in a distant inland in Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. I have four categories with an norm of 35 pupils per category. After old ages of instruction, I realized that there was a phenomenon happening twelvemonth after twelvemonth: during the first hebdomads of the semester, my pupils ‘ prep was fulfilled with high frequence than the ulterior hebdomads. After the first month of the school-year, I discovered the fact that a batch of pupils repeatedly neglected to make their prep and normally did ill on most of the trials. Then I reminded them many times ; I called to their house to speak to their parents about this job and told their form- instructor. Occasionally, my pupils would look with prep in manus, but most of the times they appear with merely alibis. Why? It may be at the beginning of the school-year, my pupils might hold less prep and prep possibly easy for them to make, or they merely wanted to delight their instructor. After some hebdomads, they had so much prep from other topics to make every bit good, or they must go to extra-classes, or they felt bored with their English prep. I was really at a loss. I wondered why my pupils did non make plenty English prep. I wanted to cognize more about my pupils ‘ attitudes towards the English prep. I wondered if my pupils did non understand something in the prep or the instructions of the prep were non clear plenty or the prep was excessively hard. What can I make to assist my pupils? After old ages of learning English in secondary school, I face the job that instructor ‘s function is to give prep, and a pupil ‘s function is non to make it! † Due to this fact, I wonder if we should halt giving prep in learning English to secondary pupils. The reply is perfectly â€Å" no. † No 1 can deny that prep is indispensable for scholars in deriving better cognition. It gives scholars chances in acquiring exposed to the new linguistic communication and helps them review their memory of the old learnt linguistic communication. When carry oning this research, I hope that this survey will cast visible radiation on giving prep. It can assist me happen out techniques to help pupils ‘ consciousness about the value of prep every bit good as promote them to carry through their day-to-day prep with more involvement.Background of learning English in Vietnam:In Vietnam, English is taught as a foreign linguistic communication and it is besides one of the compulsory topics at estate schools. Mr. Canh ( 2001 ) remarked that although Vietnamese English instructors presents have a positive attitude to communicative methods, they feel limited in the execution of communicative instruction in their English schoolrooms for several grounds. Communicative linguistic communication instruction is excessively hard in Vietnam, where the instructor ‘s degree of English is low, the categories are excessively big, edifices, furniture, and other agencies are basic, and merely low support can be provided for stuffs, libraries, and other consulting services. The new instruction attack requires new cognition and accomplishments. Teachers are frequently required to pass more clip on making the extra readying, but there are excessively many demands on instructors ‘ clip. Teachers seldom have entree to the input and resources of the mark linguistic communication at secondary schools. Not a individual secondary school in Vietnam has ELT resources and stuffs available to instructors. Normally, there are merely some types of instruction stuffs which are available to Vietnamese instructors. They are text editions, a few practical English grammar books, some instructors ‘ manuals, some cassette – participants and some lexicons ( normally, those lexicons are excessively old and non up to day of the month ) . Not merely do pupils seldom have a opportunity to take portion in meaningful acquiring in touch with native English talkers but besides instructors face the same job. With such a awful English linguistic communication input environment, how can Vietnamese instructors of English keep their English ability off from being fossilized? They themselves have jobs in acquiring in touch with aliens. As a consequence, most of Vietnamese instructors tend to utilize Grammar-Translation Method in learning English in secondary. Furthermore, Vietnamese instructors ‘ wont is reading and of the pupils is composing. Teachers normally combine Grammar-translation Method with the Audio-lingual Method in learning. They ever try all their best to cover everything from the text edition. Besides, they are disquieted about an â€Å" over- prepared lesson program † or â€Å" under – prepared lesson program † . In this instance, pupils merely listen to their instructors ‘ account and transcript everything that is taught.Literature ReviewMotivation in larning linguistic communications:Motivation is the key to success in making anything, particularly in larning linguistic communications. Secondary pupils, out of sight of their instructors, normally find it hard to hold self-awareness. Language research workers divided motive into two basic sorts: integrative motive and instrumental motive. Harmonizing to Crookes and Schmidt ( 1991 ) â€Å" integrative motive is the scholar ‘s orientation with respect to the end of larning a 2nd linguistic communication. It is characterized by scholar ‘s positive attitudes towards the mark linguistic communication group and the desire to incorporate into the mark linguistic communication community † . Hudson ( 2000 in Norris-Holt 2001 ) stated that â€Å" instrumental motive was the desire to obtain something practical or concrete from the survey of a 2nd linguistic communication † . That is the desire to acquire a better occupation or a publicity ; to go through an scrutiny ; and to read materialsaˆÂ ¦ Harmonizing to Reilly ( 1994 ) , motive is enhanced when larning ends are made clear and when undertakings are sequences and linked in ways that make sense to scholars. Nunan ( 1991 ) said that the good foreign linguistic communication scholar found ways of triping his or her linguistic communication out of category. Liu and Littlewood ( 1997 in Zhenhui 2001 ) pointed out that â€Å" traditionally the instruction of EFL in most East Asiatic states is dominated by teacher-centered, book-centered, grammar-translation method with an accent on rote memory. † These traditional English linguistic communication learning methods have resulted in a figure of typical manners. Most pupils receive cognition through their instructor ‘s conveying instead than they themselves discover it. Students receive cognition instead than construe it. They normally wait for rectification from the instructor throughout their acquisition procedure. What about the instructors? They tend to give everything to their pupils through what they pour on the chalkboard. The chief ground for this linguistic communication survey is a necessity for my pupils to derive accomplishment in scrutinies. Due to the fact that the scrutinies are structured, about all schools in Vietnam are forced to educate their pupils in such a mode that they can make the scrutiny every bit good as possible. These tests are strict trials which required pupils to hold cognition of both extended vocabulary and grammatical constructions in order to make these trials successfully.Why do we necessitate to give pupils homework? The positive and the negative effects of prep:Depending on what facet of the prep statement we are on, prep can hold both positive and negative effects on pupils.The positive effects of prep:Homework plays an of import function in learning linguistic communication to our kids. Goldstein and Zentall ( 1999 ) have stated as the followers: Homework is of import because it is the intersection between place and school. It serves as a window through which we can detect our kids ‘s instruction and show positive attitudes towards our kids and their instruction. For instructors and decision makers, prep is a cost effectual manner to supply extra direction in pattern. The most common intent of giving prep is to assist pupils rehearse what they have already learnt in category. Homework is besides used to reenforce acquisition every bit good as to assist pupils master specific accomplishments. Preparation prep is besides a measure of presenting stuffs which will be presented in the following lessons. There are 10 grounds for instructors to give prep to pupils. Teachers give prep in order to revise classwork, to consolidate and pattern classwork, to widen linguistic communication cognition, to derive farther accomplishments pattern, to fix for the following category, to complete off work started in category or to salvage category clip for more communicative activities, to let pupils to work at their ain gait, to let us to look into that pupils have understood what we have tried to learn, to name spreads in pupils ‘ cognition, and to get farther linguistic communication, manner, and so on, from extended accomplishments work. There are 4 grounds for non completing prep. Students frequently claim: â€Å" I had excessively much prep. † ; â€Å" It was tiring. † ; â€Å" I forgot. † ; or â€Å" I did n't understand how to make. † Cooper ( 2001 ) found one more positive academic consequence of prep: betterment of attitudes towards school. Giving prep benefits us, the instructors, every bit good. â€Å" Homework improves instructors ‘ ability to cover the course of study and acts as a sort of span between the last lesson and the following 1 † ( Weisenthal et al. , 1997 ) .The negative effects of prep:The Official US – Department of Education Website besides province that excessively much prep can do pupils experience bored. Puting excessively much prep can maintain pupils off from taking portion in free clip and fall ining community activities. Other negative consequence of prep is that it can take to unwanted character traits if it promotes rip offing, either through the copying of assignments or aid with prep that goes beyond tutoring.The sum and the nature of the prep undertakings:Cooper ( 2001 in Nelms 2008 ) recommends: That all pupils should be given prep but that it should be limited by a orderly expression: no more than ten proceedingss per dark multiplied by the pupil s grade degree. In other words, a 2nd grader should hold no more than 20 proceedingss of prep all together per dark ; a 12th grader, no more than 120 proceedingss, or two hr. Young kids should hold shorter and more frequent assignments because they have short spans of attending and demand to experience they have successfully completed a undertaking. To better the job of giving prep, there are some experiences from linguistic communication research workers. On the Official US Department of Education Website, they found that to assist pupils with clip direction, we should assist them set up a fit clip each twenty-four hours for making prep. Do non allow them go forth prep until merely before bedtime, most of them wait until the last minute. We should hold them make the difficult work foremost. We must learn pupils the manner they learn. ( Dunn and Dunn, 1978 ) . In short, it is the occupation of pedagogues to maximise the benefits of prep and minimise the â€Å" cost † .

Cell Phones And Health Risks - 1330 Words

During my recent searches on this particular subject, I across interesting studies regarding cell phones and health risks. Cell phones have changed drastically from 20 years ago to present. When phones first came out they were only in our homes, I recall when I was younger we would go places and wouldn’t have a cell phone to call or text, to let your family know your location, unlike today. In the early 90’s, the bag phone was introduced to the public. These phones were a big deal when they first came out, you would plug them into your cigarette lighter. When you would call someone it took a bit for it to go through but once the call went through you could hear someone on the other line. When you got done with the call you would hang up and once you got home you would zip the phone up and carry it inside. As a kid, this was very interesting. The cordless cell phones were quickly developed. If you had a cordless cell phone you were cool. When the cell phones first came out, your options were limited. At the time talking was the only option available, more options were available; text, check email, and facebook. The more technology rise; the more you can do on your phones, from skype to google and even ask your phone questions and it will answer back. When I did recent research I found that the studies have become more about what the cell phones are doing to people and their health. In this essay you will learn that throughout history, Scientists have done studies to find thatShow MoreRelatedThe Research Methodology of Cell Phone Health Risk Studies Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesCellular telephones have transformed and accelerated communications over the past four decades. The benefits of cell phone technology are clear, most notably in the creation of an increasingly mobile and global business sector. 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