Benzene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benzene - Essay Example At room temperature, it is liquid and is a bit viscous. Its density is 0.879 g/mL and turns to vapor at 80.1Â ºC. It is a flammable aromatic hydrocarbon and is not completely miscible with water, but can dissolve in other solvents like acetone, chlorofom or carbon tetrachloride (EPA, 1988). Because of its high flammability and volatility, the chemical must be kept away from sparks, open flame, heat or other hot surfaces that may cause fire or explosion (cpchem.com, 2014). Benzene is a common part of industrial manufacturing of plastics, man-made fibers, rubber lubricants, colorants and pesticides. It is also a component in gasoline and other petroleum products. In nature, volcanoes and forest fires emit benzene into the atmosphere. Residential uses of benzene are found in adhesives, paint removers and gasoline. Petroleum products are the major contributors of benzene in the environment (dhs.wisconsin.gov, 2013). Other aromatic chemicals such as phenol and toluene, are also synthesized from benzene either by replacing the hydrogen atoms in the molecule or by cleavage of the bonds in the benzene molecule. Most chemicals from benzene are products of substitution reactions (epa.gov, 1988). Humans are exposed to benzene in different ways, namely through inhalation, ingestion or by skin contact. The most common route of benzene exposure is by inhalation, especially when humans are exposed to petroleum products or benzene-containing paints and resins. When benzene is released in its vapor form from manufacturing industries, the people living near the area are exposed and inhale it. The symptoms that may be experienced when exposed to benzene for short periods are headaches or nausea. However, for longer periods high risk of having cancer and anemia are some of the health effects. Some studies in animals have shown that prolonged exposure to benzene vapors caused infertility and damaged reproductive organs.

We real cool Essay Example for Free

We real cool Essay In analyzing the prosody used by Gwendolyn Brooks in her poem We Real Cool, it is first useful to analyze the meaning of the poem. The poem tells about the story of the life of many people who are attracted by the fun and the vices of life. These people do things health professionals advise against such as staying up late, drinking and spending much time for night life. However, life is not forever, and all these vices make the end of life nearer. The rhythm of the poem is uniform and regular all throughout. Except for the first line where there is need to add an additional syllable to complete the sentence and set the pattern of the succeeding lines and the last line, all others follow dactylic monometer as a metrical pattern. Basically, there are only four stanzas, and each stanza has four lines. Each line, except for the first and last, has three monosyllabic words, and every stanza ends with a pair of rhyming words. This pattern is too simple and too short that it sounds monotonous. While other poets may use many devices to avoid sounding monotonous, Brooks took advantage of this monotony to emphasize her message. Going back to the message of her poem, too many vices lead to an early death. The monotony and simplicity of the meter used is transmitted to the message of the poem and make the reader understand that the cause and effect relationship between vices and death is a simple fact of life. It is not a complex series affected by many factors. The monotony and abruptness of each line added a certain note of boredom, which tells the readers that the said cause and effect relationship between abuse of ones body and death at an earlier age is something that is not subject to an exciting debate, because most people will agree that it is true. This type of rhythm and meter would not have worked had the poem been long. This is because the element of boredom will cease to be a tool for effectiveness and will rather cause the readers to loose interest in the poem. Considered with the very simple meter, the very short length of the poem adds to the message. Like the poem, the path from vice to death is short and straightforward. There are no detours, right and left.

Influence of the Chinese Communist Party Over State-Controlled Media an

â€Å"It’s not what you say, it’s how you say it† (Luntz, cited in Scheufele and Tewksbury, 2007: 9). Introduction Agenda setting describes the ability of those in positions of power, such as the mass media and influential political leaders, to transfer salience to certain issues that they deem important, while pushing other issues that they deem less important to a lower priority and out of the public view. There is an abundance of literature on the agenda setting process, but it is mainly focused on agenda setting in the West. Therefore, this paper will look at agenda setting in China, which has a Communist government in power that likes to use the influence and control it has and likes to apply harsh censorship on the media and its content. â€Å"The Chinese mass media have served effectively in agenda setting to conduct positive propaganda for Party ideologies and policies (Li, Qin, & Kluver, 2003)† (Luo, 2012:1). It will look at whether the Chinese government is successful or not in using its control over the media to promote the issues it believes in. The purpose of this paper will b e to see the extent to which the Chinese government has control over the media. This will be done by using articles and blog posts from both government affiliated and independent sources that will help in providing unbiased results. The lack of literature looking at agenda setting outside the West makes this an interesting case to study as it can provide additional information about and the opportunity to explore agenda setting in a Chinese context. Agenda setting is an important topic in political communications and China is becoming a strong and powerful world player, therefore it is crucial to look at agenda setting in a Chinese context. Literat... ...6). [Accessed 18th November 2013]. Zhang, X., (2011), The Transformation of Political Communication in China - From Propoganda to Hegemony (World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd). Zhao, Y., (1998), Media, Market, and Democracy in China - Between the party line and the bottom line (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press). Zhou, Y., & Moy, P., (2007) ‘Parsing Framing Processes: The Interplay Between Online Public Opinion and Media Coverage’ Journal of Communications 57: 79-98. Appendix â€Å"...we reiterate that the media must report the story in strict accordance with Xinhua News Agency wire copy; downplay the story; do not speculate on it; do not exaggerate it; do not put the story on the front page or website homepage; do not produce any other reports or commentary; do not use images...(October 30, 2013)† (Henochowicz, China Digital Times, 2013).

Financial Markets, Money Markets, and Institutions

FINANCIAL MARKETS, MONEY MARKETS, AND INSTITUTIONS Q1. A Financial intermediary is an institution that bridges between user & provider of finance. Which of the following is/are a financial intermediary? (MRQ) Venture CapitalistInsurance institutionsCredit unionsCommercial Banks(2 marks) Q2. Which of the following is a money market instrument? (MCQ)Corporate BondTreasury BillsDebenturesStocks(2 marks) Q3. Faust Co trades agricultural products & oils in its markets. Which type of market is Faust Co most likely in? (MCQ)Money marketsDerivatives marketCommodity marketsInsurance markets(2 marks) Q4. Which of the following is a difference in primary & secondary markets? (MCQ)Secondary markets relate to the trading of securities at the initial offeringPrimary & Secondary markets deals in the sale of securitiesThe primary market is used by newly public limited entitiesPrimary markets deal initial offerings & Secondary markets deals in existing investments (2 marks) Q5. The conversion of illiquid assets into marketable securities is known as? (MCQ)FuturesSecuritizationEuro currencyRepos(2 marks) Q6. Which of the following correctly describes Arbitrage? (MCQ)Opportunity for investors to widen their investmentThe use of different types of securities in the financial market for investors to assess their riskThe process of buying a security from one market and selling off to another market to obtain profitAn investment to reduce the risk of unfavorable price movements (2 marks) Q7. The following statements relate to key roles of a financial intermediary. Match the appropriate options with their definitions. (P&D)The pooling of many small deposits to make the larger advancement of finance Reduction in default risk by lending finance to multiple businesses FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION AGGREGATION MATURITY TRANSFORMATION RISK REDUCTION(2 marks) Q8. Which of the following investment is most risky? (MCQ)Ordinary sharesPreference sharesMarket risk bondsCompany issue bonds(2 marks) Q9. Select the appropriate option in relation to money markets. (HA)It is a market for short-term funds TRUE FALSEThis market is operated by financial institutions TRUE FALSEThe interest-bearing instrument is an example of money market instrument TRUE FALSEMoney market deposits is an example of money market derivatives TRUE FALSE(2 marks) FINANCIAL MARKETS, MONEY MARKETS, AND INSTITUTIONS (ANSWERS) Q1. All options are examples of financial intermediaryVenture Capitalist (An investing company in small companies)Insurance institutions (Charging premiums which are invested to provide returns) Credit unions (A member of the union may borrow from a pool of deposits at low interest) Commercial Banks Q2. BAll others are capital market instruments. Capital markets are long-term financial instruments in form of debt or equity which are traded. Q3. CMoney markets (A market that supports short-term debt financing & investment)Derivatives market (A market that provides instruments for managing financial risk) Commodity markets (A market that supports trading of raw or natural materials)Insurance markets (A market that facilitates buying & selling of insurance) Q4. DSecondary markets relate to the trading of securities at initial offering (Incorrect, trading of old securities)Primary & Secondary markets deals in the sale of securities (Correct, but a similarity between both markets) The primary market is used by newly public limited entities (Correct, for primary market only)Primary markets deal initial offerings & Secondary markets deals in existing investments (Correct, difference between both markets) Q5. BFutures (A buying & selling of a specified asset at a fixed rate in future) Euro currency (A currency which is held by people outside the country of issue of that currency)Repos (An agreement between two parties to buy or sell a financial instrument on an agreed date & price) Q6. COpportunity for investors to widen their investment (Diversification)The use of different types of securities in the financial market for investors to assess their risk (Risk-shifting)The process of buying a security from one market and selling off to another market to obtain profit (Arbitrage)An investment to reduce the risk of unfavorable price movements (Hedging) Q7.The pooling of many small deposits to make the larger advancement of finance AGGREGATIONReduction in default risk by lending finance to multiple businesses RISK REDUCTIONFinancial Intermediation: The process of bringing together of borrower & lender is financial intermediationMaturity Transformation: Borrowers wish to obtain long-term finance & Lender is unwilling to lock its finances. This technique develops a floating pool of deposits which satisfies both needs. Q8. AOrdinary shares, most risky as paid at last after all liabilities are cleared offPreference shares, riskier than bonds as paid after debts are clearedMarket risk bonds, also known as government bond as these provide returns on the current market basis Company issue bonds, risky due to the chance of company defaults but are usually backed up by company assets Q9. It is a market for short-term funds TRUE This market is operated by financial institutions TRUE The interest-bearing instrument is an example of money market instrument TRUE Money market deposits is an example of money market derivatives FALSEMoney market deposit is an example of the interest-bearing instrument rather than money market derivatives. Money market deposit provides high interest on deposited savings.

Troy v, Iliad

Guidelines for the Comparative analysis of the movie â€Å"Troy† and â€Å"The Iliad† Your comparative essay should be typed in single space paragraphing (font 12 Times New Roman) and it should be at least 500 words. (I will use the â€Å"word count† feature in Microsoft Word to check the number of words. ) Try not to exceed 1000 words at most. Your essay should be the result of your own contemplations, observations and conclusions. You can read other sources for this assignment but you should not copy at any form or to any degree the sources you have read. You can just use the ideas gained through sources in your own words. If you do so, however, you should definitely cite the references to your sources. In case you use a source and forget to cite it or even worse if you copy from a source the score for your paper will be zero. So please beware of intentional or unintentaional plagiarism. In writing up the paper first watch the movie completely and if needed take notes. (The DVD of the movie is provided to you. )Then, compare what you have seen with what you have read and try to find out the reasons for the differences. The followinig notes may help you: ?Note the changes in value systems in the past and present ?Note the reasons for the changes and modifications that have taken place in the creation of the movie. (including commercial, political, values, †¦) ?Focus on justification premises for the atrocities and savagery that is depicted as valor and courage in the Iliad. ?Explore the contributions (messages) that the two works make to human culture in their own context. Iliad vs. Troy Movie. Neither Athena with her matchless wisdom, nor Apollo with his talent of prophecy, could foretell that someday Prometheus’s fragile creature, human, would become rude in a scale that not only would turn his back to the gods, but also would distort their presence and effects in the human history. â€Å"Briseis: Well, then your men did. The sun god will have his vengeance. Achilles: What's he waiting for? Briseis: The right time to strike. Achilles: His priests are dead, and his acolyte's a captive. I think your god is afraid of me? Briseis: Afraid? Apollo is master of the sun, he fears nothing. Achilles: Where is he? †(Troy) The movie â€Å"Troy†, which is an adaptation of Homer’s Iliad, is an obvious twist of it, both historically and literarily. There are numerous differences between them that can be observed and revealed. Here, I am going to highlight some of inordinate modifications of Homer’s Iliad in Wolfgang Petersen’s Troy; and, then, try to go beyond the surface to discover the reasons for such changes. The movie duration is about 163 minutes; and it takes 50 minutes to reach to the starting point of the Iliad. Although there are, also, several rotations of the classical myths events in the first 50 minutes that even an amateur classic mythology reader can remark it fallacies, I will not enter that domain. I will just refer to the changes that are in contrary with the Iliad and can be retrieved by the information that Homer presents. For instance, in the Iliad we see that it was Paris’s doom to go to Sparta and fall in love with Helen. But the movie gives no account for the background of the story and the destination’s role. Another incident which is not mentioned in the Iliad is Achilles’s rapid action to siege the beach of Troy and invading Apollo’s temple. The major modification of the Iliad is the absence of Gods in the movie. There is no information about them but some names that elder characters mention and some statues. The only Goddess that we can see in the movie is Thetis, Achilles’s mother, who is a nymph according to the Iliad, half human, half fish. But the director of the movie does not want to put emphasis on the divinity part and although Achilles meets her in the water, picturing her fish part is cleverly avoided by the director. Apollo in the movie is just a wretched God who is not able to avenge the offence that Myrmidons have done to him. In the minute 42 of the story, Achilles beheads Apollo’s statue. While in the Iliad, Achilles respects Gods and makes sacrifices for them. In another scene, in the minute 29, while Hector is urging Priam, his father, to return Helen to Sparta to avoid a war, Priam tells him not to worry because, â€Å"Apollo watches over us. Even Agamemnon is no match for the Gods. †(Troy) But Hector replies, â€Å"And how many battalions does the Sun God command? †(Troy) This is not the only place in the movie that Hector, who is protected and respected by gods in the Iliad and highly believes in them, mocks the gods. It happens again in minute 54 of the movie when the high priest announces that two farmers have seen an eagle with a serpent in its talons, a good sign from Apollo. Hector mocks the priest and saying, â€Å"you want to plan a strategy based on bird signs? He concludes from Apollo’s inability to take vengeance on Achilles for insulting his statue and says, â€Å"The gods won’t fight this war for us† (Troy). The whole story is in contrary with the Iliad, because it is indicated that the Trojans see that sign while trying to push back the Achaean host to their ships, and predict it as a bad omen from Zeus who is the owner of the eagle, though. Moreover, in the Iliad, it is g ods’ war more than human’s. It seems that there is an intention beyond these manners of mocking gods by two of the best characters who the audience would love best and sympathize with. First assumption would be that the director of the movie wanted to make a realistic shot of the Iliad. But, after deepening in the story, another assumption may be that the director does not believe in God’s or divinity at all and try to inject his view through his best characters and he is doing this cleverly. Almost in the first scene that we see Achilles, when the messenger boy asks if the stories about him is true and if he cannot be killed, Achilles responds, â€Å"I wouldn’t be bothering with the shield then, would I? (Troy) a very logical and clever way to wipe out tendencies of believing in divinity from audiences mind in the beginning of the story and to appeal the skeptic generation of 21st century! Another major difference between Iliad and the movie is again in the process of adaptation of the Iliad according to the appetite of the audience. Every Iliad reader can understand in a glance that the honor codes and bravery values of those days is in contrary wi th todays. The most devouring and slaughtering characters were the most praised heroes of the Iliad. Achilles, Hector, Ajax and Diomede were a few samples of ancient world heroes. But, is it possible to picture those animalistic brutalities within Iliad these days and expect to attract people to pay for watching it? Of course not! Instead, we need to show a sentimental view of our heroes, heroes who despise war; heroes who are sorry for killing people. For instance, Hector while returning from Sparta provokes Paris who wants to fight with Menelaus and says that, â€Å"there is nothing glorious about it, nothing poetic† (Troy). But it is indeed glorious in the Iliad to fight. In fact Homer calls Hector the pair of bloodthirsty Mars as an honor. On the other hand, we need a kind, loving and caring Achilles with a masculine attractive figure to attract more audience. What about softening the violence with some romance scenes to guarantee our investment, no matter what was the story and what was the truth. So, let’s dismiss Diomede who is a brutal killer, kill Ajax and Menelaus at the beginning, and omit Aeneas and so many other valiant heroes to make the story more appealing and brief. But, let’s picture Agamemnon as he was to make people despise him. So tricky! Simply put, it seems that cinematographs own a mightier weapon that Zeus’s thunder bolt and Poseidon’s trident by which have sent myth gods and their offspring to the underworld. But, what if someday, they claim war against Semitic or early religions’ God? What if they twist the reality and feed that in a colorful tempting way to the people? (As Islamic Republic of Iran does it in regard to Baha’i faith). Do the audiences of those movies would accept what is being presented or investigate after the truth?

Torts essays

Torts essays In Grishams newest book, The King of Torts, a young trial lawyer at the OPD becomes involved with mass tort litigation. Clay Carter was just a simple man, who always got stuck with murder cases, but his next case seems a little different. Not motive, and many witnesses. It just doesnt add up. When Clay gets a tip on the case from a mysterious man named Max Pace, his life will change forever. A firefighter, Max Pace, recruits Carter to keep clients in the D.C. area quiet about a drug code named Tarvan. This drug, in some cases, causes the patient to become a killer. Clays latest case is one of the patients taking Tarvan. Pace supplies Clay with an office building and suggests some staff. Carter immediately leaves the OPD for this new, shiny office and about a million dollars in case dues. Meanwhile, Clay has just lost his long-time girlfriend, and possible fianc, Rebecca Van Horn, because of her rich parents, who hated him. Clay, thinking that he could impress her, is even more motivated by Paces suggestion at big money. But shocking news comes later. Rebecca is engaged already! Clay switches clients, from the defendant to the plaintive. He wraps up the cases quickly, and earns around $15 million. Clay was content to sit back and rest awhile, but Max was all ready to throw another case in his lap. This time its a drug called Dyloft. This drug was for arthritis. Yet in about five percent of the patients develop tumors in their bladder. This throws Clay in with multi-million dollar mass tort lawyer Patton French. Once Clay teams up with French, he begins to forget much of his common sense. He buys a private jet, a yacht, and many other unnecessary items of great wealth. He even hooks up with an ex-lingerie model, Ridley, from the country of Georgia to make Rebecca jealous. Sometime after the Dyloft cases had been settled, other tumors began to pop up in...

The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400)- English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)

The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400)- English Literature Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400)- English Literature Essay (100 Level Course) The Age of Chaucer was rich in poetical forms. Since religion played a very important part in medieval society, religious poetry developed in the form of lyrics, usually drawing on episodes in the life of Christ and, even more, that of the Virgin Mary. Although these episodes sometimes used the language of chivalry, they were pervaded by mysticism and characterized by great musicality and striking imagery. Secular poetry, on the other hand, mostly consisted of love lyrics. These were influenced by the minstrels or â€Å"troubadours† of southern France, and reflected a special code known as â€Å"Courtly Love†. Courtly Love was based on a set of conventions mainly defining the relationship between a lady and her lover, both of whom belonged to the upper class or nobility. The relationship generally developed outside marriage, since the latter, at this time, was normally a contract or agreement having little or nothing to do with love. Courtly love poetry obeyed the canons of a fixed formula, in which the lady was idealized and worshipped, while the lover was ready to serve her and even die for her. Unlike the more conventional and artificial French poems, the English lyrics were more sincere and enriched with allegory. Medieval secular poetry was not exclusively devoted to love. It also included descriptive and narrative poems, as well as songs to be sung at banquets. Music and songs played an important role in medieval life and very of ten accompanied poetry. Medieval poems (including Chaucer’s Ganterbuty Tales) were in fact usually composed to be listened to at court and not to be read. It was only later that they were written down, often by monks in monasteries, in the versions that have survived into our times. Among the poems that had appeared by the end of the fourteenth century, the finest were The Pearl and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, two anonymous alliterative poems. Research Papers on The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400)- English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)Hip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through Deception19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West MeetRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Standardized Testing

Spanish Verbs That Mean to Ask

Spanish Verbs That Mean to Ask Spanish has several verbs that can be used to translate to ask. They are not all interchangeable, and there are some subtle differences in meaning among some of them. Among those verbs: Preguntar is the verb used most commonly to mean to ask a question or to ask about something. It is often followed by the preposition por to indicate the subject of the inquiry: Preguntà ³ por la situacià ³n legal de su hermano. He asked about his brothers legal situation. Pablo preguntaba por ti. Pablo was asking about you. Preguntà © si habà ­a estudiado la leccià ³n. I asked if she had studied the lesson. Preguntar is the verb used most often to indicate simply that a person had asked a question. -  ¿En quà © pgina est à ©l? - preguntà ³ Juana. What page is it on? Juana asked. Pedir is usually used to indicate a direct request or to ask for (rather than about) something. Like the English verb to request, it does not have to be followed by a preposition. Pidià ³ un coche azul. She asked for a blue car. Sà ³lo pedà ­ que repararan el techo. I only asked them to repair the roof.  ¿Te pidià ³ dinero? Did she ask you for money? Rogar can mean to formally ask or to make a formal request. And depending on the context, it can also mean to beg or to pray. Le rogamos que indique los nà ºmeros de telà ©fono completos. We request that you indicate the complete telephone number. Se ruegan los clientes que tomen las precauciones oportunas para salvaguardar sus pertenencias. Customers are asked to take appropriate precautions in order to protect their belongings. Te ruego que tengas piedad con mi madre. I beg you to have pity on my mother. Fueron a la iglesia para rogar. They went to the church to pray. Invitar can be used when asking someone to do something or go somewhere, much like the English cognate invite. Nunca he invitado a nadie a postear en mi blog. I never have asked anyone to post on my blog. Te invito a mi casa. I am asking you to my house. Solicitar can be used in much the same way as pedir, although it is less common and is most likely to be used with certain types of requests, such as for information, or in legal or business contexts. Solicitan amnistà ­a para ex presidente. They are asking for amnesty for the former president. Solicitaron sus opiniones profesionales sobre el proyecto. They are asking for his professional opinions about the project.

The Ed Sullivan Show Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Ed Sullivan Show - Assignment Example Section 2: Bob Dylan’s refusal to perform a different song depicts that he was a man of originality and a fighter for his rights who can stand against the culture. His motivation for music was not to only show his appearance on some stage but to portray his work, talent and what he is passionate about rather than performing with a modified version of his work. Section 3: Mick Jaggar’s insistence that he said â€Å"mmmmm† instead of â€Å"time† suggests that many musicians consider censorship as modifying their work for a certain occasion or a situation so that their work can be represented in its original form at other place in order to ensure its acceptability and fame in its original form. Section 4: The Doors’ response to the act of attempted censorship on The Ed Sullivan Show turned into their own favor because they proved themselves as a group who do not give up so easily and they are someone who represents themselves and their work the way it is rather than modifying it on external demands. Section 5: According to Inglis, it is imperative to analyze the whole situation and its pros and cons before imposing any censorship. The reason being, certain situations themselves allow taking a step of commanding censorship however in certain conditions things like audiences’ entertainment, acceptability and profitability it is bringing to the industry also needs to be focused on. Moreover, the negative reactions by the musicians on the imposition of censorship might also disturb the economy and audience so everything needs to be considered. The Ed Sullivan Show’s motivation for allowing groups they found too controversial was to gain commercial profits and attraction of youth towards because such groups attract the young generation that ultimately increases the number of audiences in the show. Section 6: Based on the conclusions, it is evident that Inglis is taking the side of the musicians as according to him even if the musicians of

Elderly as a vulnerable population Research Paper

Elderly as a vulnerable population - Research Paper Example Recent reports such as the Health Ombudsman’s Care and Compassion report and the revelations about care at hospitals in Staffordshire have highlighted shocking examples of failings in NHS and care services. The new guidelines have been produced in collaboration with the Care Quality Commission, ADASS and Royal Colleges of Nurses and GPs as well as frontline staff to develop practical guidance for staff across the NHS. â€Å"This guidance has been developed with staff and stakeholders to ensure they address the day-to-day safeguarding issues facing staff and managers. Small changes like ensuring all staff are aware of the full range of all the safeguarding procedures in place at their organisation can make a real difference to patients.† â€Å"As the professional regulator for nurses and midwives we are committed to strengthening the safeguarding of adults and welcome this new material to further support the professionals who care for them. â€Å"Having contributed to the work of this health advisory group, we are confident these newly published materials will be of interest to a wide range of professionals and will support them in their understanding, practice and decision-making in relation to safeguarding

Building the Nazi Regime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Building the Nazi Regime - Essay Example Being awaken to Nazi faults by the rest of the world, they found out that while building a Nazi regime and making a way to national greatness actually, Germans were making their way to moral degradation. According to witnesses on territories occupied by Third Reich used to say privately that â€Å"since the world began no one had ever murdered so many people that way† (Shoah, 1985). Therefore, it’s interesting and important to investigate how Germany was making its Nazi way finally leading own country to such a great deprivation made by Allied forces as a physical separation one German from another. Taking into the account that a moral aspect of a Nazi way stays among most outrageous issue of Third Reich policy comparing even with WW2 battle losses, we are going to investigate morality of Nazi Germany, including how it was fixed in the governmental laws and used on practice. Nowadays, â€Å"In the annals of human barbarism, the cruelties practiced by the Germans over the Jews in Nazi Germany are among the worst remembered†, and the term â€Å"Nazi† has even become nominal when describing a brutal person (Bailey, 1998). Thus, we are mostly interested in a social aspect of a Nazi way comparing to common understanding of humanity. In this paper, it will be argued that Nazi inhumane social policy became one of the crucial reasons for Allied for ces to separate a German nation after WW2. It seems logical first to investigate the reasons which made ideas of national supremacy sound so timely for a pre-Nazi Germany. Answer this question we are going to use secondary sources referring to Bendersky (2007) and Lynch (2012) books, and Bailey’s (1998) article on why common Germans were willing to participate in Reich’s brutalities. We are going to find some historical events and factors that made Germans dream of national supremacy, specifically among First World War outcomes. Investigating what had been done

Thought Piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thought Piece - Essay Example Due to the overwhelming attempt by individuals to be at par with the developments that happen as technology progresses fast, individuals may develop future shock. Toffler considers that the future shock is an unavoidable, inevitable consequence of ancient forces. However, he claims that we can shield ourselves from its most horrible effects with an amalgamation of technological control, education deconstruction, and psychological engineering. According to Toffler, (4), the solution to future shock is not non-alteration, but a diverse type of alteration. The foremost recommendation for coping with these alterations is to admit that different people will deal with the changes in dissimilar ways and at altered rates and have the public deliver contradictory levels of public services set to individual requirements. Individuals who may adjust, but require help to do so, might be engaged in half-way curriculums where the degree of change is cautiously measured or less tremendously, be part of situational provision groups upon which they can share their worries with other individuals going through similar modification related stress. In more fundamental cases, Toffler proposes that crisis therapy professionals and programs might be required to take care of life changes and events. Nevertheless, for individuals incapable of adapting to technological and social change, he suggests the formation of the territories of the past which are no-change, future-free, encapsulated zones subsidized by the public at large. Additionally, Toffler explains how education can assist to deal with the problem. He says that the education system should be evolved to focus mainly on preparing students on how to cope with the rapid changes occurring all over the globe. He advocates the replacement of old-fashioned schools which are outdated with a combination of future-orientated, independent study and computer-based instruction apprenticeship

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR - Assignment Example What follows a portion of the meeting’s proceedings: Gus (Accounting Technician): â€Å"You see, the problem here is this new manager is constantly interfering. He gives us a job to do, gives us a deadline, and then before we can get to work, he’s down our necks for no apparent reason.† Our department, all 6 of us, had grown very used to running our show, to holding each other accountable, and for taking on many of the duties that our last boss entrusted us with challenging responsibilities, many of which he himself used to oversee until he saw that we could do it. We earned his trust and he had ours in return. Now, the freedom to make decisions, the ability to chart our own course seems to have vanished. It’s been a shocker, and a disappointing one to say the least†. ... Some days I’m not sure if I’m supposed to actually lead the team, or if I’m expected to function as a Staff Accountant when our Director’s around – after all, he’s calling all the shots around here anyway. It seems I’m not really leading anything.† And when I do give direction to the team, I feel myself snapping at them more than assisting them. It never used to be like that. We got along so well, understood our roles so clearly, and always seemed to have each other’s back when it counted. Now it’s like we can’t stand each other, are always at each other, and can’t wait for quitting time to roll around. Petra: This is helpful, and obviously not easy to for some to discuss. I appreciate your honesty here. Does anyone else have anything to add that I should be aware of? Darlene (Accounts Payable Clerk): I just can’t get over how different the look and feel of our team has become in the last month. As Gus and Wanda have said, we were a pretty well-oiled machine before this new Director stepped in. You could give us a task, offer a deadline, and know that this team would make things happen. Now, everyone is so confused over what is expected that it’s impacting our ability to work together. For myself, I’m finding myself growing so unsure of my own ability to exercise any independent thought for fear of retribution, that it’s just becoming easier to let others take the lead and kind of sit back. I know this isn’t right, and I know I need to get back to the way I once was, but I’m just not sure how realistic that is given our current situation. Besides, when I ever I step in and try to manage, I’m feeling second guessed. I don’t know whether I should be managing or

Thought Piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thought Piece - Essay Example Due to the overwhelming attempt by individuals to be at par with the developments that happen as technology progresses fast, individuals may develop future shock. Toffler considers that the future shock is an unavoidable, inevitable consequence of ancient forces. However, he claims that we can shield ourselves from its most horrible effects with an amalgamation of technological control, education deconstruction, and psychological engineering. According to Toffler, (4), the solution to future shock is not non-alteration, but a diverse type of alteration. The foremost recommendation for coping with these alterations is to admit that different people will deal with the changes in dissimilar ways and at altered rates and have the public deliver contradictory levels of public services set to individual requirements. Individuals who may adjust, but require help to do so, might be engaged in half-way curriculums where the degree of change is cautiously measured or less tremendously, be part of situational provision groups upon which they can share their worries with other individuals going through similar modification related stress. In more fundamental cases, Toffler proposes that crisis therapy professionals and programs might be required to take care of life changes and events. Nevertheless, for individuals incapable of adapting to technological and social change, he suggests the formation of the territories of the past which are no-change, future-free, encapsulated zones subsidized by the public at large. Additionally, Toffler explains how education can assist to deal with the problem. He says that the education system should be evolved to focus mainly on preparing students on how to cope with the rapid changes occurring all over the globe. He advocates the replacement of old-fashioned schools which are outdated with a combination of future-orientated, independent study and computer-based instruction apprenticeship

SWOT Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SWOT - Case Study Example The Dim lighting company is faced with several problems that include macro and micro challenges, the macro challenges are those that are outside the reach of the company to solve them using internal mechanisms, in other words, they are the opportunities and threats that the company faces. One of the greatest threat that the company faces is the lack of adequate funds to support its research and development kitty which Mr Spinks, the director of research and development at the company puts at 1.2 million dollars per year for two years then an additional 500, 000 dollars to initiate production the micro miniaturization project (Brown, 2011, p81). Another threat that is facing the company is the decline in the profit margin for the last one year, which has an implication on the image of the business to the outsiders. The company however, is not without some opportunities, the major opportunity that the company has is that it acts as a profit centre therefore it is able to manage its resources with minimal interference from the corporate head office, in addition, this enables it to make its own decisions and implement them in order to remain competitive in the market. In addition, the fact that the company can be able to look for funds from the head office to invest in research and development is an opportunity that may not be available to all such firms. Internally, the strength of the company is that it has Mr Spinks as the director of research and development; Mr Spinks is a respected person in research as he is considered as one of the best brains in research, this can be seen in the numerous awards that he has received from different science societies . With Mr Spinks as a director, Dim lighting company is likely to be always ahead of other companies in terms of technology and renovation; this is evident from the multimillion-research project that he wants to undertake on micro miniaturization

The Declaration of Independence Essay Example for Free

The Declaration of Independence Essay The Declaration of Independence maintained that the purpose of government is to protect their â€Å"unalienable rights,† chief among them being â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. † As such, government is merely an institution crafted by the people, whose existence is entirely contingent upon the people it is designed to serve towards these ends. Therefore it is the responsibility of citizens to be ever vigilant of this government because the Declaration explicitly states that its authority comes from â€Å"the consent of the governed. † Should this government prove to be dysfunctional with regards to the functions it was created for, it becomes the right of these ‘governed’ to abolish the government and institute a new one in its place that fulfills the abovementioned mandate of protecting those rights. It is this fundamental conception of the function of government that maintains relevance in the 21st century moreso, as has been said ad infinitum ad nauseum, in the wake of 9/11. In an attempt to address the security of the nation-space, the government has taken measures that have effectively diminished personal liberties if not curtailed them entirely. As such, the functions of the government have increasingly turned towards protection of the state for its own sake, at the expense of the inalienable rights of citizens. In effect, the government leans towards self-preservation, towards a rigid but abstract notion of patriotism and nationalism and away from empowering those institutions under its jurisdiction whose primary aim is the self-fulfillment of its citizens. More of the budget is geared away from citizen welfare and more towards the military and state controls. This is not to suggest that the government must be abolished with the sheer force of tumultuous revolt, but rather that citizens recognize this disheartening trend and take action to reorient it back towards the purposes it was designed for in the first place. It is through re-awakening interactions that make for a healthy democracy, including the ballot box and beyond it in critical discourse.

The Morality Of Mercy Killing

The Morality Of Mercy Killing Why is there such a thing in our world that is called mercy killing?, why? In this report I will discuss about euthanasia or mercy killing. Euthanasia is the deliberate killing of a person for the benefit of that person. In most cases euthanasia is carried out because the person asks to die, but there are cases where a person cant make such a request. A person who undergoes euthanasia is usually terminally ill. Euthanasia can be carried out either by doing something, such as administering a lethal injection, or by not kill a person even if they are terminally ill because this person needs a chance to live along and see his life, but there are people that disagree. Introduction Mercy killing, also known as mercy killing or assisted suicide is an act of murder which are usually to end the life of a person suffering from severe pain or terminal illness. An individual who is tormented by a disease you want to plant at the end of his life, but do not have the ability to do so. In such a case, and may request assistance from another person. This is illegal in most, but not all, areas of the world. Allow certain languages, provided that they are to follow strict guidelines and the procedure is by a doctor, the patients request. In the United States, assisted suicide is legal in only two states Oregon and Washington. And others have created, such as the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg are also rules for legal mercy killing. Rules of practice in areas where the law allows assisted suicide voluntary. That regulations governing the work of doctors allowed to put an end to the suffering of patients who choose voluntarily to physician assisted suicide. The case of terminally ill, which creates severe physical pain may require assistance. In areas where it is permitted by the physician assisted suicide is generally not legal for any person other than a doctor to help in the death of the last, however. Mercy killing and assisted suicide is a controversial issue in the community and among medical professionals in general. Some doctors believe that the practice of assisted suicide is incompatible with the teaching profession does not hurt. On the other hand, others argue that extending the life of a person who wishes to die is a violation of human rights harsh. One of the most popular activities assisted suicide is an American pathologist Dr. Jack Kevorkian. She helped illegally in the death of more than 100 patients in the United States, was convicted of second-degree murder in late 1990. In 2007, he was released from prison. Since then, Dr. Kevorkian appeared in several universities in the talk shows to promote his beliefs and theories about the patients right to die. While it is more common, and not all of mercy killing with the help of a doctor. Although it is a criminal act, there are many reported cases in one family member or other non-medical staff until the life of another, usually at the request of the patient. In some cases this is done by removing or cutting the life-saving device. At other times, the act was committed by administering a lethal overdose of drugs. If convicted, the person who can send mercy killing is illegal to prison Classification of mercy killing And mercy killing can be classified according to whether the person giving informed consent in three types: voluntary and non-voluntary and involuntary. There is controversy in the medical literature and bioethics about what if it can be considered as non-voluntary (and by extension, it was accidental) killing patients, mercy killing, regardless of the intentions or the circumstances of the patient. In the definitions offered by Beauchamp and Davidson, and then by the Wreen, and consent by the patient which are not considered to be one of the criteria, although it was asked to justify mercy killing. However, others see the agreement as necessary. Voluntary mercy killing Mercy killing was carried out with the consent of the patients so-called voluntary mercy killing. And active voluntary mercy killing is legal in Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Voluntary passive mercy killing is legal in the United States Cruzan V. Director of the Department of Health and the state of Missouri. Is often used when the patient brings about his death for the assistance of physician-assisted suicide instead. Suicide is legal in Switzerland and the United States from Oregon, Washington and Montana. Non-voluntary mercy killing The implementation of mercy killing if the patients consent is not available so-called non-voluntary mercy killing. For example, mercy killing, which is illegal in all parts of the world, but in the criminalization of certain specific circumstances in the Netherlands with the Groningen Protocol. Involuntary mercy killing Performed mercy killing against the wishes of the patients so-called non-voluntary mercy killing. Procedural decision Can be divided into voluntary and non-voluntary mercy killing and involuntary to more variables, passive or active. A number of authors to consider these conditions to be misleading and unhelpful. Passive mercy killing Passive mercy killing involves the rejection of common treatments such as antibiotics, which are necessary to sustain life. Last mercy killing Last mercy killing involves the use of lethal substances or forces to kill the most controversial. Sense of medical The poll comes in the United States more than 10000 doctors to the conclusion that it was thought about 16% of the doctors to stop life-sustaining treatment because the familys request, even if he believed it was too premature. About 55% do not, and the rest 29% depends on the circumstances. This study also noted that California. 46% of doctors agree that he should be allowed to physician-assisted suicide in some cases 41%, no, and the remaining 14% think it depends Discussion Even some who accept and we can say the above principles, there is no real difference between allowing someone to die and the status of the person suffering in a coma until his death, in order to alleviate the suffering. Then you have to choose not to remove life-support systems. After all, as they say, and the result is the same in both cases. Also, if you remove your old age or treatment of a patient dying, the patient dies because of this procedure. Thus, they contend, by removing life-prolonging treatment is. A case of murder in the mercy killing as the cause of death is the direct intervention by the person injecting the performance or act of violence after death. Although the two procedures, euthanasia, and allowing to die, is similar in the result, are not the same in process or in the grounds next. In the case of allowing to die, it is true that the patient usually dies on the removal mechanisms of aging or treatment, but the cause of death is a condition that there is now allowed to have a natural effect. For example, the device is removed the ventilator and the patient died because of disease, cardiovascular system and lungs. Mechanism or treatment that prevent the removal of this life-threatening disease because it is more useful cognitive function and emotional, are not allowed to be a disease that affects the natural. Allows nature to take its course. In euthanasia, and the cause of death is a disease caused by a mercy killer. Can cause disease by direct interference with the normal activity of the physiological system of the patient or to withhold specific treatment for the system that should be provided. Can therefore be achieved by withholding the necessary euthanasia drug, as well as a pistol. In one way or another, therefore, euthanasia is an act of violence committed in the physiology of the person concerned and which caused the disease. In addition, at least an implicit justification of euthanasia is to exercise total domination over the human life. Some argue that the ultimate justification for euthanasia, and to liberate the suffering, is enough to justify this action. In this way, as they say, Roswell Gilbert, and others who wish to put an end to the suffering should not lead to the imposition of moral or legal. Unfortunately, there are many ethicists today to justify any action until the last reason is good. But such thinking ignores the reality. Actions that lead to achievement motivation and one that will eventually be a reason to be morally justified. For example, if the final was my motivation may be to collect money to send my children to university, and I do not have the right to steal the money of widows and orphans. Conclusion Mercy killing can and do not go hand in hand. According to Buddhism, can not justify mercy killing. Mercy killing can and do not go hand in hand. Some people kill pets because they do not like seeing animals suffer. Some try to justify mercy killing with the misconception that if the motive or reason for this is good, then the act itself is a good thing. Then that the claim to kill pets, they have the intention to alleviate the suffering of the unfortunate animal, and so a good job. There is no doubt that the original intent or motive is good. But the act of killing the evil that is done during the second idea would certainly help in achieving health outcomes. final thought: To determine the value or not intended in any business and we realize that may be the person who conducted the work of a self-satisfied with any sense of moral guilt. In the case of Roswell Gilbert and all the others in this same position, and we will be more interested in the discussion of the support system that would allow him to achieve his pain more humane way to discuss what could be a just punishment.

The Christian Position on Euthanasia :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

     Ã‚   This essay has chosen to study the largest Christian denomination's attitude toward euthanasia, in order to determine the basic Christian position in the current debate on euthanasia. It is interesting to note that, even within one Christian church like this, there are a host of considerations on the euthanasia question. The rights and values pertaining to the human person occupy an important place among the questions discussed throughout the world today. In this regard, the largest Christian denomination, the Catholic Church, solemnly reaffirmed the lofty dignity of the human person, and in a special way his or her right to life. The Second Vatican Council therefore condemned crimes against life "such as any type of murder, genocide, abortion, euthanasia, or willful suicide" (Pastoral) The progress of medical science in recent years has brought to the fore new aspects of the question of euthanasia, and these aspects, in the Church's view, call for further elucidation on the ethical level. In modern society, in which even the fundamental values of human life are often called into question, cultural change exercises an influence upon the way of looking at suffering and death; moreover, medicine has increased its capacity to cure and to prolong life in particular circumstances, which sometime give rise to moral problems. Thus people living in this situation experience no little anxiety about the meaning of advanced old age and death. They also begin to wonder whether they have the right to obtain for themselves or their fellowmen an "easy death," which would shorten suffering and which seems to them more in harmony with human dignity.    The considerations set forth here, concern in the first place all those who place their faith and hope in Christ, who, through His life, death and resurrection, has given a new meaning to existence and especially to the death of the Christian, as St. Paul says: "If we live, we live to the Lord, and if we die, we die to the Lord" (Rom. 14:8; cf. Phil. 1:20). As for those who profess other religions, many will agree with us that faith in God the Creator, Provider and Lord of life--if they share this belief--confers a lofty dignity upon every human person and guarantees respect for him or her.    Human life is the basis of all goods, and is the necessary source and condition of every human activity and of all society.

Lipton Marketing Plan Essay

Unilever The Unilever Group is one of the world’s leading suppliers of fast-moving consumer goods. Besides having a significant global presence, Their Lipton brand is a leader in the international market. This report contains and explains the major variable components, which are essential in the process of marketing. It will give an in depth analysis of the tea market. It will also give a comprehensible picture of the internal and the external factors involved that encircle the Tea Product. Lipton Herbal Tea Ingredients Holy Thistle –has been used medicinally for over 2000 years, most commonly for the treatment of liver problems by supporting it in the release of toxins. It has been highly regarded for therapeutic uses and was cultivated throughout Europe. Holy thistle products are still popular in Europe and the United States for various types of liver disease. Holy thistle is believed to have great power in the purification and circulation of the blood. Persimmon –leaves are a good source of important dietary antioxidants, such as vitamin A& C. It has been widely used as a tea in oriental countries. Persimmon leaf is anti-allergic in composition. It is also used topically in some beauty products to help to clarify the skin and eliminate dull and dark areas. Malva Leaf –was considered as a perfect plant in early literatures. In ancient days it was not only valued as a medicine, but was used to decorate the graves of friends. Marshmallow Leaf –has been traditionally used to soothe and support the intestines. Herbs such as Marshmallow are often helpful for symptomatic relief of coughs and irritated throats. Topically, marshmallow is used to soothe and soften irritated skin. Marshmallow leaf is completely non-toxic. Marketing Planning vs. Strategic Planning Developing a marketing strategy involves two steps: (1) Selecting a target market and (2) Developing the best marketing mix (the 4 P’s or 7 P’s) to satisfy this target. Ultimately, the tactics becomes much more specific and provide more precise details about such matters as, say: where should we advertise? When should we run the ads? How will we get distribution in certain types of  stores? Etc. In effect, the tactics describe how to achieve the strategies and how to manage resources that are required to implement the tactics. Companies need to analyze and track what their competitors are doing. It is important to know the strengths, weaknesses, objectives, and strategies of the competition. The marketing plan is an important document used by companies for planning. It is a road map and surveys the business environment, describes problems, threats and opportunities in the industry, contains a marketing strategy, and has financial projections/budgets. We must not confuse a marketing plan with a business plan. A marketing plan is concerned more with strategy whereas a business plan is more concerned with financial information. The primary purpose of a business plan is to raise money from venture capitalists or bankers; the primary purpose of a marketing plan is to provide direction for a company. The marketing plan is an integral part of the business plan. Marketing management constantly have to assess which customers they are trying to reach and how they can design products and services that provide better value (â€Å"competitive advantage†). The main problem with this process is that the â€Å"environment† in which businesses operate is constantly changing. So a business must adapt to reflect changes in the environment and make decisions about how to change the marketing mix in order to succeed. This process of adapting and decision-making is known as marketing planning. On the other hand,  strategic planning  is concerned about the overall direction of the business. It is concerned with marketing, of course. But it also involves decision-making about production and operations, finance, human resource management and other business issues. The objective of a strategic plan is to set the direction of a business and create its shape so that the products and services it provides meet the overall business objectives. Marketing has a key role to play in strategic planning, because it is the job of marketing management to understand and manage the links between the business and the â€Å"environment†. It can help to: †¢Identify sources of competitive advantage †¢Gain commitment to a strategy †¢Inform stakeholders in the business †¢Set objectives and strategies †¢Measure performance Marketing planning is also important since it is often a prerequisite for obtaining funding whether one is a marketer in a large corporation seeking additional money for his or her department or is part of a small start-up company looking for initial funding. Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy There are three processes toward an effective customer driven marketing strategy such as Segmentation Targeting Positioning Segmentation identifies the difference category like as age, location, & religion.- Targeting means product for specific people.- Position means minds of the customer. Lipton’s Neighbouring Segments: Geographic–The market of Lipton is segmented according to geographic criteria such as nations, states, regions, countries, cities, and neighbourhoods. Demographic –Demographic segmentation consists of dividing the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family size, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. Demographic segmentation variables are amongst the most popular bases for segmenting customer groups. This is partly because customer wants are closely linked to variables such as income and age. Psychographic –Through psychographic segmentation Lipton’s consumer are divided according to their lifestyle, personality, values and social class. Lipton’s Target Market: Choosing a targeting strategy depends on company resources, product variability, product’s life cycle stage, market variability, and competitors’ marketing strategies. Lipton has equal benefit for everybody. We will have to focus on the all group of ages. Thus we will use Undifferentiated Marketing (or mass-marketing) where everything about the product is designed to bring all people to Lipton. This is a market coverage  strategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and go after the one market with one offer. The reason of choosing full market coverage is to be a market leader in future. †¢Geographic Target: Lipton’s geographic customers are of USA, Europe and India but in near future after establishing the product in these areas they will definitely launch their product in the rest of the continents. †¢Demographic Target: All age groups Lower, Middle, and High income class †¢Psychographic Target: Higher-Middle class Middle class Lower-Middle class †¢Current Market Trend: Market trend is now headed toward a more sophisticated and aware customer. The preference for high-quality product is increasing as customers are learning to appreciate the qualitative differences. Lipton’s Positioning: Lipton tea has been positioned in the market as â€Å"great tasting and good for consumers† because it is rich in protective antioxidants (Unilever 2007).It is globally promoted as â€Å"the perfect drink for active, healthy lifestyle† (Unilever 2007). The following flavours of herbal tea are currently available: †¢Herbal tea with Lemon – Herbal tea with a twist of citrus flavour †¢Herbal tea with Raspberry – Herbal tea with raspberry flavour †¢Herbal tea with peach – Herbal tea with peach flavor Consumer welfare and sustainable development have been the main driving factors behind the packaging and marketing of Lipton Herbal Tea till now. Therefore, in order to meet the diverse tastes of consumers all over the world, Lipton is continually adding new flavours in the product. These attributes are allowing the organisation to develop and expand its niche at a fast pace in the global arena. Furthermore, Unilever has a strong presence in the developing and emerging markets yet there is plenty of ‘white space’ to move into. These markets are the next in our planned rollout. SWOT Analysis (Business Portfolio Analysis): When the situation is viewed in terms of SWOT analysis, the following can be highlighted: STRENGTHS: †¢Strong Financial Backup: Lipton Unilever has been established as a group by five investors who are also its board of directors; providing Lipton Unilever with strong financial assistance. †¢Emphasis on Quality: The Company manages to provide improved & innovative products to the consumers through research and development. Lipton Unilever is established with the primary concern for uncompromised quality in mind and all of their products are perceived by the consumers as the best in business with respect to quality. They maintain their high quality standards by importing professional expertise and technology from developed nations. †¢Encouragement to innovativeness: The Company has a very aggressive strategy when dealing with developing new products, i.e. they are ready to take risks and come out with products that have unique differential advantages and are unavailable in the market. †¢In-house research facility: Lipton Unilever has an in-house research facility, where market research can be done about consumer preferences and our competitors; the information is very useful to top level managers for decision making. WEAKNESSES: †¢High Price: Since the cost of production of most of their products is high because of various factors (imported ingredients, technology, quality and maintenance etc), they charge high prices for the items they produce. †¢Inexperience in the Tea market: Although Unilever comprises of highly professional people and a strong marketing strategy; they are still considered new entrants in the tea market. OPPORTUNITIES: †¢High Growth Rate: Tea industry has high growth potential in line with high rates of population. †¢Brand Equity: There is strong possibility to establish brand equity by creating awareness in untapped segments of the market. †¢Increasing concern for health: Since the media explosion from the mid-90s, people have convenient access to information. Hence, people are being educated about the concern and need for health awareness and therefore have adopted increasing concern for their health and appearance. THREATS: †¢Rivalry firm: The tea industry facilitates a lot of competition from market leaders like Royal. Their longer existence in the market has given them an established consumer base and loyalty and has provided them with the experience that Lipton Unilever lacks. †¢Economic Factors: Increase in government tariffs, import duties and political situation of the country i.e. economic instability could be a threat to Lipton’s product. An Integrated Marketing Program The Marketplace and Customer Needs and Wants: Global Tea Market: The tea industry is about 170 years old. It occupies an important place and plays a very useful part in the global economy. Tea plantations are mainly located in rural hills and backward areas. The major competitive countries in tea in the world are India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, China and Indonesia. China is the major producer of herbal tea while Sri Lanka and Indonesia are producing mainly orthodox varieties of tea. Kenya is basically a CTC (Crush, Tear, and Curl) tea producing country. India is facing competition from Sri Lanka and Indonesia with regard to export of orthodox teas and from China with regard to herbal tea export. Above Line graph clearly indicates that till 1991 Tea consumption grew at the phenomenon rate of 32.2% where as in recent past few years the average rate of consumption growth is 0.7%. Tea being the only beverage which is consumed at the largest following Water hence there is no trouble to global tea market future with growing population. Customer Needs and Wants: The health related issues are increasing day by day due to the lifestyle and inclination of the generation towards fast food or junk food which is generally responsible for health hazards. Unilever’s research shows that majority of the people have developed health consciousness. This is mainly due to the various health programs being broadcasted on television as well as a variety of articles being published in magazines and digests. Lately trends show that people have started reverting back to the natural means of maintaining health. Natural means ensure high nutrition as well as health enhancement. Moreover nowadays more and more people are getting literate and educated. The education in turn brings awareness in the people and they understand what  do’s and don’ts. There is class of people who are very health cautious and most of them fall under high class societies. Since it is difficult to change the lifestyle of people all of sudden; people look for better product which can keep them healthy and offer resistance or meditate their health for long life and better health. We must keep in mind that tea is hot beverage consumed by people all over the world at highest after water. So it is a great idea if tea can prove as tea as well as medicine and offer better health & immunization as it is consumed twice to thrice a day. If tea can provide health benefits it will be surely welcomed by the class of health conscious people. Furthermore, A few recent studies suggest that the health benefits would drive the performance of Lipton herbal tea across the globe (Winslow 2006). Consumers generally perceive tea consumption to be a healthy activity and are more likely to consume herbal tea rather than other soda based drinks. Therefore, the 100 percent Natural Tea and 150 mg of protective natural antioxidants has made Lipton tea a major participant in the gl obal tea market. Integrated Marketing Plan for Lipton: Our Marketing Objective: †¢To offer consumer best health advantage through Lipton Tea. †¢To establish Lipton as market leader in herbal tea industry. †¢To enable Lipton Tea to satisfy, fulfill the consumer’s personality & lifestyle. †¢To increase Lipton Tea’s popularity as an icon in Herbal Tea product. In order to achieve our objectives we will use following strategies while developing our marketing mix. Value Based Pricing We will set our product price, based on the benefits it provides to consumers. Because our offer is unique and highly valuable features are better positioned to take advantage of value-based pricing. Multi-Channel (Hybrid) Distribution Systems We can utilize more than one distribution design by following a multi-channel or hybrid distribution system. As Example, we may use a direct retail system by selling Lipton Tea in company-owned stores, and through a direct  marketing system by selling via direct dispatch, and through a single-party selling system by selling through grocery stores. This approach will allow us to reach a wider market; however, we must be careful with this approach otherwise channel conflicts will arise. Promotion Mix (Integrated Marketing Communications) In order to deliver a clear, consistent, and compelling message about Lipton and its product we will use; Advertising as it will allow us to reach many buyers and repeat message many times; Sales Promotion since it provides wide variety of tools and rewards quick response; Public Relations because it is very believable and will dramatize Lipton and its product. Marketing Mix of Lipton Tea: †¢Product –Lipton Tea will be a high quality product offered as specially blended herbs tea. Contents of the Lipton Tea will be:40 bags, 80 bags, 150 bags, 250 bags (Family pack)The amount of bags refers to different target groups.40 bags for singles, 80 bags for couples,150 bags and 250 bags are Family Packs. (250 bags is most famous nowadays) Packaging: Customer perception of a package creates brand equity and purchaser loyalty. The image presented by the package largely determines success or failure of a tea line. Appearance stimulates memories and emotions inside the purchaser, who often times is female, often buying for an entire family. Thus colour, image and slogan of Lipton must all combine to facilitate customer allegiance. Before coming to this idea we had to systematically search for new product ideas through analysing our internal sources, customers, competitors, distributors, and suppliers. Afterward we marked the best idea and dropped poor ones by examining the market size, product price, development time and costs, manufacturing costs, and rate of return. †¢Place –High quality tea for a reasonable price will be bought from Assam & Darjeeling (India) and will then be blended and packed in the Lipton factory. Then we may open up company-owned stores to start a direct retail system to sell Lipton Tea. We can even sell Lipton tea directly to the end  consumers by sending direct dispatch from factory. At the same time the final product will be distributed to authorized dealers and retailers such as supermarkets and main tea shops so the end consumer has easy access to it. Place in supermarket: On the middle and lower levels of self. The Lipton Tea will be placed according to the content of tea bags. †¢Price Prices for the tea will be as the following: – Price of $18 for regular sized pack -Price may be increased to reflect quality Reasons for pricing policy: Lipton Tea will be competing against the main player on the Herbal Tea Market Royal Tea by setting a higher price but offering more value for it. Various promotion activities, giveaways and advertising on radio and television will help to establish the brand and gain market shares. †¢Promotion – The promotion is the most important point to launch our products because we want to be able to compete with our biggest competitor. We must focus on this point because the people like to purchase bargains or buy products that offer free gifts. Other brands do not offer as many promotion and free gifts. This is why it is important to focus especially on the Promotion activities of the marketing mix. We are going to set up original events in order to attract new customers and consumers of other tea brands. Our objectives: -Develop awareness -Generate traffic -Build loyal customer base In order to achieve above mentioned we will pursue the following: – Stand in the supermarkets: we want to set up a stand in the supermarket in order to make tasting to the supermarket’s clients. The stand should be placed between the fresh food and the food with the aim  to attract all the consumers. The stand should represent the brand with the colour of the company, the logo, the environment of Lipton. For example, the stand could be coloured with a combination of red and yellow. Moreover, the hostesses can give some presents to the children like, balloons with the logo of the brand and pens with the logo. Also, during the launch of our product (one week), all the customers at the supermarket will receive a sample of â€Å"Lipton Tea† for free at the cashiers including a voucher which explains the game to win a trip to London. Promotional offers during the year: If a client buys a box of 150 bags, he will get a free coupon a spoon or a little kettle. In addition, during first two months, we can organize a game: when you buy Lipton, you win some points and with certain numerous of points, you can get a present which represents the brand image. Promotional event for Lipton Tea launching: During one weekend in a big city we will organize a big event. In the street, there will be hostesses with special clothes who will distribute samples and cups with tea to offer the product to passer-by. After the show, they will hand out flyers the people can fill in so as to win the weekend trip to London. At the end of the event, there will be a drawing of lots. The winner will receive the present(tea boxes) via post way. Furthermore, in the street there will be a lot of decoration of the brand image. Advertisement: At the beginning, the strategy is to focus on the Internet, the radio and on daily newspaper to reach a lot of customers. These media are noticed by a large target group which will help the firm to be known. After six months or one y ear, we will begin a campaign on television, in magazines and on airports. Building Profitable Relationship and Creating Customer Delight Customer Relationship Management: Customer relationship management (CRM) refers to building one-to-one relationships with customers that can drive value for the firm. The continuing evolution of CM is made possible by understanding the interactive relationships that develop between firms and customers and among customers themselves. Lipton will increasingly be able to customize marketing messages  to larger target audiences on the basis of the customer’s expected response and the customer’s value to the firm. By following the CRM strategies discussed here, firms can reduce overall marketing costs, increase overall customer response rates, and, most importantly, increase overall customer and firm profitability. For example: Lipton’s marketing plan has data on markets, prospects, and lists. This is also supported through a third party vendor. But marketing needs to drive generated leads to Sales for follow up. Thus, the marketing department also could use feedback from service and sales about what campaigns are working. Customer Service has excellent customer feedback, but it’s not looping back into marketing department. This is the type of data that can act as the foundation for upcoming marketing campaigns. Customer Service can also provide sales representative important product information or specific account issues that would be invaluable for sales to have before they call on an account. Finally, Customer Service can be used for cross sell and up sell opportunities. The key is to have all your customer information integrated. This provides each department with a 360-degree view of the customer, and ensures that the data is current and complete. Lipton’s CRM applications will also enable companies to interact with customers throughout multiple channels including the Web, phone, fax, direct mail, e-mail, and in person or through partners. Partner Relationship Management: Partner Relationship Management is a used to describe the methodology and strategies for improving communications and relationships between companies and their channel partners. These solutions include key features for selling, commission, opportunity, marketing campaigns, inventory access, and other features designed to facilitate the relationship between manufacturers and their channel partners. Partner relationship management can take a number of different forms. In some cases, delivery of a product is needed during specific times of the day. For example, in Lipton’s shipping and receiving departments, suppliers must deliver within a certain time frame. In the busiest of locations, that window could be as little as 30 minutes.  When traveling across a large geographic region, that can be a hard target to hit. Using software and other communication tools often provided through a partner relationship management strategy, suppliers, shippers and the end users can keep incons tant contact with each other. This means the end user will be able to know where each item is each step in the process and when to expect it. Depending on the situation, this may allow Lipton’s factory to adjust production so that the entire operation does not shut due to supply concerns. Partner relationship management is also important for a manufacturer and reseller or retailer. Software allows the producer to understand when a certain product is in demand and allows that producer to adjust his processes likewise. Without this benefit, Lipton would need to wait for an order from the retailer or reseller. That could delay the process and thus allow both sides to miss out on valuable sales. In addition to communication, partner relationship management can also provide services in other areas. For example, it may include a partner loyalty component, which will provide a benefit to both companies. As those relationships are solidified, it will provide a good customer base on which both can depend. Capturing Value from Customers to Create Profit and Customer Equity The first four steps in the marketing process involve building customer relationships. The final step involves capturing value in return. 1) By creating superior customer value, the Lipton herbal tea creates highly satisfied customers who stay loyal and buy more. 2) By Creating Customer Loyalty and Retention 3) The aim of customer relationship management is to create not just customer satisfaction, but customer delight. 4) This means that companies must aim high in building customer relationships. 5) Customer delight creates an emotional relationship with a product or service, not just a rational preference. 6) Lipton herbal tea is realizing that losing a customer means losing more than a single sale. It means losing customer lifetime value. 7) Growing Share of Customer 8) Share of customer is defined as the share the company gets of customers purchasing in their product categories. (Thus, banks want to increase â€Å"share  of wallet.†) Building Customer Equity Unilever want not only to create profitable customers, but to â€Å"own† them for life, capture their customer lifetime value, and earn a greater share of their purchases. Customer Equity in Lipton Tea Marketing consists of actions taken to build and maintain desirable exchange relationships with target audience involving a product, service, idea, or other objects. Customer equity is the total combined customer lifetime values of all of the company’s current and potential customers. Clearly, the more loyal the firm’s profitable customers, the higher the firm’s customer equity. Customer equity may be a better measure of a firm’s performance than current sales or market share. Building the Right Relationships with the Right Customers Not all customers, not even all loyal customers, are good investments. â€Å"Strangers† show low potential profitability and little projected loyalty. The relationship management strategy for these customers is simple: Don’t invest anything in them. â€Å"Butterflies† are potentially profitable but not loyal. The company should use promotional blitzes to attract them, create satisfying and profitable transactions with them, and then cease investing in them until the next time around. â€Å"True friends† are both profitable and loyal. There is a strong fit between their needs and the company’s offerings. The firm wants to make continuous relationship investments to delight these customers and retain and grow them. â€Å"Barnacles† are highly loyal but not very profitable. There is a limited fit between their needs and the company’s offerings. Important point: Different types of customer require different relationship management strategies. The goal is to build the right relationships with the right customers. Factors Affecting the Effective Implementation of the Marketing Plan Human Resources Capabilities: The people working in this organization are the  key to achieving effective implementation of those strategic plans. Staffing competent employees involves recruiting, training and retaining a capable and adaptable workforce. Knowledgeable, dependable and versatile employees have the ability to overcome the obstacles to change, and can meet performance goals even when other resources are scarce. If all of the other elements listed in this article are present, but the workforce does not meet these criteria, then achieving those objectives may be nearly impossible. Favourable Environment: We have to Rethink existing policies and procedures, and make any changes necessary to facilitate the changes resulting from our strategic initiatives. We may find that certain aspects of our existing operational framework can actually impede strategy implementation, and that certain areas may stand out as being lacking in policy guidance in light of our new strategic goals. Technological Infrastructure: Technology can give our organization valuable assistance in implementing new policies, procedures and initiatives. Utilize technology to enhance and maintain communication and accountability for all relevant managers and operational employees throughout the change process, and to keep track of implementation and performance goals and their achievement. This may require adding new systems and infrastructure, ensuring that all systems will function reliably, and training all relevant staff to use new systems and programs. Incentive Systems: We must consider altering existing incentive systems to coincide with our new strategic objectives. As an example, if we can alter existing incentive system rewards employees on the basis of tenure, but our new strategic plan calls for a 50 percent increase in service plan sales to reposition our company as a service provider, then consider altering the system to reward employees or teams with high monthly service plan sales numbers .According to â€Å"Crafting and Executing Strategy† by Thompson, Strickland, and Gamble, our employees’ incentive-based goals will always coincide with our organizational objectives. Strong Leadership and Culture: Organizational culture and strong leadership are inseparable. We must encourage and train our management team to be agents of change, with the ability to champion new ideas and coach employees through the change process. Also, use our influence as a leader to reset the tone of our organization to reflect the importance and seriousness of our new strategic plans, and lead by example in terms of flexibility and dedication to change. Capital Resources: All of the internal elements listed in this article require capital to employ. For example, highly skilled workers demand higher wages, technological infrastructure can be costly, and reward systems require capital if material goods are offered. Thus proper budget have to be introduced.

School funding and resources Essay

These issues have not started today but have been in existence for a long time. One of the major issues is inequity and inadequacy. There is a funding difference between the tax wealthy district schools and the poor school districts that have tax capacity that is limited. This to some extent affects the education quality due to low financial resources (Crawford, 2006). Secondly there is the issue of political ideology. Politics affect the funding in schools greatly. Politics affect the budgeting that takes place in schools. The schools have limited authority on imposing extra taxes for educational purposes unless they gain full support of the legislature. Level of funding is dependent on the resources available for these resources to be fully utilized the legislature must be in full support. Another major issue facing funding in schools is the social influence. The influence that comes from the surrounding environment of the schools matter a lot to how the resources are utilized and how funding takes place. If there is negative social influence then the issue of funding becomes very difficult. Positive social influence is important both in urban and suburban areas (Bartolomeo, 2004). The problem of inequity and inadequacy can be addressed by ensuring that all schools receive funding depending on their size and location. It can also be solved by ensuring that the schools with little resources get extra funds. The strengths of these solutions are such as it will upgrade schools that are at low levels. However the weakness is that it is difficult to give some schools more funds than others and call that equity (Crawford, 2006). To solve the problem of political ideology the schools should be allowed to tax some extra fee when necessary for school funds. Also the legislature should not be playing a role on determining the amount to be taxed. The strength of this solution is that the schools will have a chance to make funding decisions better while the weakness it has is that it could lead to poor budgeting. The solution to negative social influence is ensuring that the surrounding individuals are not too involved in school funding matters. Also ensuring that the school is not affected by external factors when it comes to funding could help. The strength of these solutions is that funding will be easier. Its weakness is that schools could loose on some other aspects it gains from social influence (Bartolomeo, 2004). References Bartolomeo, C. (2004). The funding divide. American Teacher, 6-7. Crawford, C. (2006). The Critical Issue of Financing Schools. the Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 22-26.

Compare and contrast how the directors of ‘Titanic’ and ‘A Night to Remember’ portray the sinking of the Titanic

Using the factual accounts of the sinking of the Titanic, compare and contrast how the directors of ‘Titanic' and ‘A Night to Remember' portray the events that occurred. On Monday April the 14th 1912, brought an event which was to change thousands of lives and change the course of history. The ‘unsinkable' Titanic – the pride of the White Star fleet struck an iceberg and sank within hours causing a massive loss of life. This disaster has caught the imagination of many generations and has provided the source of many books and films both fact and fiction. The Titanic was on its maiden voyage to New York. It was the largest and greatest ship of its age, it was said to be like a floating city that carried 332 first class passengers in absolute luxury, 276 second class passengers and approximately 708 Steerage class or lower class passengers that suffered most casualties over the hours Titanic sank. The most famous films of the events surrounding the sinking of the Titanic are ‘A Night to Remember' by Roy Baker in 1958 which was based on the true story of Titanic, and most recently the 11 Academy award winning film ‘Titanic' by James Cameron in 1997 which is one of the most successful films of recent times. A Night to Remember' and ‘Titanic' approach the telling of the story in totally different ways, but have very similar themes running throughout. ‘A Night to Remember' is based on the book also called ‘A night to Remember' by Walter Lord. The film follows a chronological order of events with the central character of Lightholler the 2nd officer who survived the disaster. It focuses on him from when he boards the ship to when the ship is sinking. He is portrayed as a calm well respected leader, this is showed even more so when he shows courage and intelligence through his actions in keeping control of events and helping save lives. He plays a huge role in bringing the film together as he is someone who the watcher can focus on. The film highlights some of the mistakes that contributed to the disaster. It spends a large proportion of the time focusing on the radio room and how the operators where spending more time sending passengers personal business messages than listening to vital warnings from other ships of the danger of floating icebergs in the area. Throughout ‘A Night to Remember' the development of characters is very limited and many of them are focused on to show general scenes of passengers and crew and how they react to the events in different ways. In the opening scenes of ‘A Night to Remember' Baker, combines real footage of the launching of the titanic with acted scenes, he accomplishes this as he was so committed to telling the true story. However Cameron uses fake footage of the people waving goodbye to their loved ones, he fools us into believing it is real footage by changing the color contrast to a yellow to make it look old and historic. There are many stereotypes in the film, particularly the portrayal of the wealthy classes in first class, who appear to spend most of the film dressed in evening dress enjoying the splendor and luxury of the state rooms, and not realizing the severity of the situation when the ship strikes the iceberg. Many of them show little respect for the crew when asked to move to the lifeboats, and many resent having to wear life jackets. As the situation develops, and it becomes more apparent that the ships is really sinking then the mood changes and many develop an attitude of self protection. This is particularly shown by the Chairman of the White Star Line – Mr. Ismay who sneaks onto a lifeboat before many of the women and children have had a chance to leave the ship. This is noticed by Lightholler whose look of disgust shows his feelings towards his boss. Women in ‘A Night to Remember' are portrayed as thick and stupid as they make comments such as ‘You won't get back on board tomorrow without a pass' when the ship is about to sink to the bottom of the Atlantic. Throughout the film, a lot is shown of the class difference between the first class passengers, living in luxury, and the steerage class passengers who are accommodated in very basic accommodation below the waterline, with many sharing overcrowded rooms. Many of the gangways are locked during the sinking to prevent them getting on deck to have a chance of survival, as the crew know that the ship does not have enough lifeboats for everyone, and priority is being given to the first class passengers. Most of these steerage class passengers appear to be foreign immigrants to the USA, and thus of less value than the wealthy First Class passengers. Throughout the film the crew are shown to be professional and polite throughout, especially Lightholler, as the developing scenes of the film increase and when there is a rising tide of panic amongst the passengers and crew, Lightholler leadership qualities still stand out, as he is able to think in a calm and logical way, and overcoming many difficulties. However in ‘titanic' Cameron portrays him as a crew member who can only keep order by using weapons and treats ‘Order, order or I will shoot you all like dogs. ‘ The Captain of the Titanic, Captain Smith is portrayed in both films as a very stereotypical captain, with his white beard, and powerful presence, at no time during either film is it suggested that he is responsible for the disaster. In ‘Titanic' at the beginning he is shown as a dream maker and when the ship is sinking he is portrayed as lost and not in control. However in ‘A night to Remember' he is shown to be in control even when the ship is sinking as he gives the orders and in ‘Titanic' they are suggested to him by the crew. A Night to Remember' unlike ‘Titanic', spends some time on the two other ships in the area – The California which is only ten miles away, and could have reached the sinking Titanic quickly enough to save many of the passengers, but instead with its Captain asleep and the incompetent crew ignoring the frantic distress flare from the sinking ship, and turning off its radios. The Carpathia on the other hand is some sixty miles away when it hears the calls for help, and immediately starts racing towards the scene. The Captain is portrayed as efficient, and concerned in the way he prepares his ships to receive the casualties. The Titanic film makes no reference to the California, and The Carpathia only appears in the closing scenes of the film. The final scenes of ‘A Night to Remember', when the ship finally begins to sink beneath the surface is dramatic but without the benefit of computer graphics and animation available to Cameron, baker cannot possibly compete in terms of the drama that Cameron achieves in his modern film. In Cameron's film the ship is shown as breaking in two, with the stern rising vertically in the water before plummeting to the bottom. This was what actually happened according to eye witness accounts, but it is not portrayed like this in Bakers film. The sinking scenes in Cameron's film are some of the most dramatic and realistic in modern cinema. Cameron's ‘Titanic' makes a totally different approach to telling the story as it is based on fictional characters which are developed over a long period of time. It is basically a dramatic love story interwoven with the story of Titanic. The story develops between Rose, a rich girl who is forced into engagement to a multimillionaire steel baron – Cal Hockley. She feels trapped inside her own world causing her to feel like death is the only way out. However she is saved by Jack, a 3rd class passenger who makes a living out of pencil drawings. They soon fall into forbidden love as Rose's fiancie and her mother try to separate them several times. It uses flash backs from current times to the events in April 1912 through the eyes of a survivor of the disaster. The opening scenes of Titanic shows a salvage squad looking for a precious diamond that would be worth millions of pounds today. They finally find the safe which they believed it was kept in but they soon find out that the safe is empty apart from a drawing of a beautiful young girl wearing the diamond. This leads to a report on television which is seen by Rose who is now 104 years old as she recognises herself as the girl in the drawing. The salvage squad determined to find the diamond fly Rose out to the site where she recounts the events that lead to the sinking of Titanic. Throughout Titanic Cameron uses many different methods to represent the different classes by showing the contrast by focusing on the higher class to the middle class then to the lower class. In the opening scene Cameron focuses on the higher classes when the ship is being loaded with all the expensive cars, paintings and possessions and luggage. They are all dressed very smartly and are well presented. He then shows the different contrast between classes when moves the camera to show all the 3rd class passengers waiting to board. Many of them are in old ragged clothes with all there possessions in just one or two bags. He also shows how the lower classes are getting checked for fleas and lice before they board the ship. It is quite evident that many of the third class passengers are immigrants, heading for a new life in America. This class divide is repeatedly shown throughout the film, and it is more striking in Cameron's film than Baker's. After Jack talks Rose out of jumping overboard, Jack is invited to eat with Rose, her fianci, and the rest of their party, this is supposed to be a reward for saving Rose's life. It is a very grand dinner, in the first class dining room, and Cal and the rest of his party try to humiliate Jack, because he comes from a poor background and has no money ‘Mr. Dawson, well its amazing you can almost pass as a gentlemen'. Jack however does not seem to be affected, and it is clear that Rose is attracted to Jack, and finds him far more interesting than her self-centered fianci. Jack then leaves the dinner, shortly followed by Rose, and he takes her to ‘a real party' in steerage. Here the third class passengers are having a fantastic party, with dancing, and singing. Rose seems to be enjoying herself extremely as we also see her drinking pints of beer, which is a severe contrast to the expensive wine served from crystal classes, she has just had upstairs. It is clear that Rose is far more interested in Jack as a person, than Cal. This class divide is further shown when Rose and Jack, who by now are in love, are discovered by Cal and Cal's personal assistant/bodyguard, in Cal's state room. Jack has just done a pencil drawing of Rose lying down naked and wearing the expensive diamond that plays a large part of the film's plot. Jack and Rose run off, with Cal's bodyguard running after them. They run from the luxury of the stateroom with its own private walkway deck, probably the most expensive accommodation on the ship, through different levels of accommodation, through steerage class, with its overcrowded accommodation. Cameron even takes them through the engine room, which is represented, almost as a hell, with sweaty stokers shoveling coal to feed the boilers that are driving the ship. There is noise, fire, steam, and oil which together creates an immense contrast to the wealth and luxury of the staterooms at the top of the ship. Cameron's film has spent over half the film developing the main characters of Jack, Rose, and Cal. It is over one hour and forty minutes before the ship strikes the iceberg. From this tragic moment, there are many similarities between the two films. Of course Cameron's film, with its multimillion pound budget is far more effective, however the basic order of events remain the same, and it almost as though Cameron has made direct copies of some of the scenes from ‘A Night to Remember'. The scene when Mr. Andrews, the ships designer, who is on board, relates to the Captain that the ship will unavoidably sink ‘that's five compartments! She can stay afloat, with the first four compartments breached, but not five, not five, she will go down by the head and the water will spill over the tops of the baulk heads from one to the next' This is what Mr. Andrews says in ‘Titanic' and it is almost exactly identical to ‘A Night to remember'. There are many other examples of similarities from the point the ship strikes the iceberg. We see how at first passengers are unaware of what has happened, and how some are told (in both films), that the shuddering that was heard was ‘a propeller blade' being shed. We see in both films how the first class passengers are unwilling to follow the instructions of the crew to get into their life jackets. We see in both films how the third class passengers are locked down below decks, and the first class passengers are given priority in boarding the limited number of lifeboats. We see how there are examples of cowardice by men in both films, and how the chairman of the White Star Line, sneaks aboard a lifeboat before his turn. We also see how Cal tries bribing the crew to allow him aboard the lifeboat, when this fails he even uses child. This scene is not shown in Bakers film because Cal Hockley is a fictional character; however it does show how heartless Cal is and how men may have behaved during the event. In both films, even during the rising disaster, there are elements of humour, but these are very different in both films. In Baker's film we keep returning to a chef who is getting more and more drunk, as he drinks a whole bottle of whisky, not that amusing today, but forty years ago, it would have been. There is also a scene when some bell boys are told off for smoking in a public room, which is quite incredible when you think about the events unfolding around them. There is also another scene that is similar in both films, when the panicking third class passengers break down a barrier, and are accused of damaging ‘White Star property! ‘ This is said when the whole ship is about to sink to the bottom of the Atlantic! Cameron however is slightly more subtle with his humour. This is shown in the scene where Jack has been handcuffed to a pipe, and the only way that he can escape is if Rose can chop through the chain with a fire axe. As he is concerned that she might miss he asks her to practice on a cupboard, by hitting the cupboard, and then trying to hit the same spot for a second time, she misses by several feet, but as the situation is now frantic Jack urges her to chop through the chain. She manages it successfully, and they escape. Another example of humor is represented in the scene where the ship has sunk and jack says to Rose ‘I don't know about you, but I intend to write a strongly worded letter to the White Star fleet about all this. Cameron uses this comment to lighten the mood of the audience after witnessing such tragedy. Both films follow the same basic factual accounts of the sinking, and portray them in a similar way: the separation of children and women from their fathers; lack of life boats; priority given to 1st class passengers over 3rd class passengers to board the life boats; acts of cowardice, and the fact that the life boats did not return to help those in need. The main differences between the two representations are that ‘Titanic' follows a forbidden love story, and a ‘Night to Remember' focuses purely on the factual side of events. As ‘A Night to Remember' is presented in a way that it frequently fools us into thinking that it's a documentary, I believe this makes the story less interesting. In my opinion as a film ‘Titanic' is overall more successful in capturing the attention of the audience due to advantages of modern day special effects and the added striking love story.